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Catholics One True Church Delusion

 

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CATHOLICISM’S ARTIFICIAL UNITY

ROMAN NOT CATHOLICISM

HUGE THEREFORE TRUE?

IS CATHOLICISM HOLY?

CATHOLICISM APOSTOLIC?

 

 

“Extra ecclesium, nulla salus” – Outside the Church, there is no salvation.

 

The Roman Catholic Church claims to be a visible Church.  If this means that every member can be an antichrist they still form God's organisation.  This doctrine of visibility implies that as long as you have your name as a member of the Catholic Church you are supporting that Church whether you like it or not.  People should have it removed if they disapprove of the Catholic faith.

 

The Roman Catholic Church claims to be the one true Church and that this is proven by the Church being one, holy, Catholic and apostolic.   The Church also claims to be infallible.  To believe in the infallibility of the Church requires a stupendous amount of faith and trust.  You have to trust the Church and the popes that they never compromised Church doctrine.  You would have to believe that Boniface VIII did not mislead his predecessor and abuse him to become pope. Why?  For if Boniface did this he was no Catholic and was excommunicated.  It would mean he was never really pope. You would have to believe that Pope Urban VI was really pope though his own cardinals testified that he was not and appointed a rival pope.  You would have to believe that Pope Pius IX had the right to be proclaimed infallible by himself when he proclaimed that Mary was conceived without sin years before he summoned a Church council to infallibly decide that he was infallible!  You would have to believe that the Church can infallibly decide which of the arguments for Jesus’ existence are right.  When the Church can infallibly proclaim that Jesus exists it can proclaim that.  And many Catholics believe and the formula used for canonisation says it, that when the pope makes a saint that his decision is without error and infallible.  Saints are made not just on the basis of holiness but on the basis of their orthodoxy.  A holy person who say didn’t believe that contraception was always a sin wouldn’t be made a saint no matter what miracles they did or how many people he helped in life.  So canonisations indirectly imply that nearly all Roman Catholic doctrines are infallible for the saints were traditional Catholics. Yet no rational person can agree that they are infallible.  Thousands of similar examples and problems could be put forward.  Rome requires a lot of research but demands very little then!  Oh the duplicity!

CATHOLICISM’S ARTIFICIAL UNITY

 

A Church is a unity.  There is visible unity and there is invisible or spiritual unity.  Visible unity is unity that we see – like in a football team - and the other is unity of intent that cannot be seen.  For an example of the latter, a Catholic who believes in Protestantism would really be a Protestant though there is no visible unity with it.  You can have invisible unity without visible unity but you cannot have visible unity without invisible unity.  A football team that has lots of disagreements under the surface is only a fake unity.  So, you can have a visible and invisible Church.  The Church dishonestly uses the texts in the New Testament that command the Church to be one people and one family ignoring the fact that unity does not necessarily consist in visible unity though it ought to (page 28, Roman Catholic Claims).  The Church being human could not stay one even if all were of one faith for factions would still oppose one another.

 

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The question

   

The Roman Catholic Church claims to be the only visible organisation and unity established by God.  The question we want to answer is, “Is the visible unity claimed for the Roman Catholic Church real unity?”  When a religion claims to be the true religion it claims to be in visible unity, to be one religion.  The true Church has to be one for it is several Churches if it is not.  The Roman Catholic Church declares that she is one in faith and in government.  And she perceives this as evidence that she is the one true Church as if other religions couldn’t mention their unity as evidence.

 

What makes a Church a Church?

 

Catholicism informs us that it could still be the true Church if it was totally marinating in immorality so it is what it teaches that determines whether or not it is this Church.  Moreover, it is the one true Church even if all the members hate each other and are not at one so it is agreement in matters of belief that makes the true

Church one.  

 

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Is It True that there was Only One True Church at the Start?

 

One of the biggest lies the Catholic priest is likely to tell you is that there was one true Church at the start and any other Church broke away from it.

 

There is evidence that the apostles of Jesus founded a Jewish Church and that it was Paul, a charlatan who claimed to be an apostle like them, who founded what is now Christianity.  Paul had no evidence at all that he was really an apostle.  That is why the Jewish Christians who survived for a few centuries dismissed Paul as a falsifier of the teachings of Jesus, who dropped the Jewish Law from his brand of religion, and was an opportunist seeking power and influence from Rome through his being a Roman citizen.  This is documented in several sources, for example, The Clementine Recognitions and the Arabic Jewish Christian work found by Shlomo Pines in Syria dating from the 500's AD (page 181, The Mythmaker, Paul and the Invention of Christianity, Hyam Maccoby, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1986).   Catholicism is influenced by Paul and recognises him as an apostle so it is apostate Christianity - its not the real thing. Paul stated that nobody could obey the Law so they needed his message of forgiveness from God to be saved and be right with God.  But this contradicts Deuteronomy 30:11 where the scripture says the Law can be kept.  Paul was not a true apostle.  His whole system was based on contradicting the Law and the scriptures while pretending not to.

 

The Jewish religion was the true religion and then Jesus came to be its latest prophet and update it and it rejected him.  Thus the followers of Jesus became the new true religion.  The New Testament is full of venom against the Jews and there is no justification for that.  Thus the early Church clearly was apostate.  There is no problem with them leaving Judaism to do what they thought was right.  But when they had to resort to hatred and misrepresentation clearly they were not leaving because the Jews broke with them by refusing the updates but they were leaving just to make a hateful division.  Because of that the early Church cannot be considered to have been the true Church.  It was schismatic - it was not a group that was in the right that was pushed out.

 

The Gospel of Matthew is pure Jewish Christianity and urges obedience to the Jewish Law that Paul falsely claimed was only temporary.  It opposes the Jews (Matthew 21:33-43) because it teaches what it would understand as true Judaism.

 

There is no evidence that St Paul got full acceptance from the apostles in Jerusalem and even the New Testament says there was disagreement.  So there is no evidence that they were one Church.  Paul spoke of schisms in Corinth.  The faction that said it was for Kephas could have been the true Church for all we know.  At the time of St Justin Martyr about 160 AD, the Church was divided between those who held that if a Christian kept the Law of Moses he was damned and if he didn’t he was fine (page 23, The Early Church).

 

Origen about 250 AD wrote that the Jewish Christians comprised about 150,000 members and was seemingly referring to new converts only (page 37, Jesus Hypotheses).  The Jewish Christians were the religion the apostles founded.  They claimed to have been established by the apostles with the help of Jesus' family who like Jesus were all Jews.  Roman Catholicism is not the true Church because it is not Jewish Christianity.

 

Catholic scholar Raymond E Brown in Chapter 7 of his book, Biblical Exegesis and Church Doctrine, traced at least six different communities with different beliefs in the early Church.  The early Church, if it was one Church at all, was just an umbrella.  It was not a real Church but a federation of different and contradictory and sometimes sectarian Churches just like the Anglican Communion today.

 

Anyway the early Church being one is not important.  What is important is did it preserve Christ’s teaching intact?  The Church has to err to some extent.

 

How unity can be broken

 

The unity of the Church, she says, can be broken by wilfully contradicting her required teaching or by simply considering oneself to be one’s own Church by breaking away from her.

 

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A real Church cannot extend membership to doubters

 

Everybody, according to Catholicism, has their doubts.  But doubting your religion puts you out of it.  To doubt one doctrine is to doubt the rest for all doctrines come from the same source.  For example, if the source is the Bible then to question one biblical doctrine is to hold that none of the others can be trusted.  This is all true and any religions that dispute it are lying for it is undeniable.  The Catholic Church is not a church for its members are not in unity of faith and each one is her or his own Church.  Secret doubters are taken for true members so how could the Church be united?

 

No unity in religion that admits heretics

 

Many religions regard at least some known heretics as true members.  The Catholic Church is no exception.  It accepts Protestants who are sincere as united with the Church.  It calls them the separated brethren.  A person who disagrees on an essential matter with their religion cannot be a true member of it no matter what it says.  When it is belief that makes a Church a Church you cannot belong to your Church anymore once you question or disbelieve anything it says for then you automatically question anything else it says.  The religion that regards you as being in communion with it is not a unity for it has fake union with heretics.  If the Catholic Church sincerely accepts heretics as true members it ceases to be the true Church for it stops being a Church.  If it insincerely accepts them it is not in true unity with them but it loses its unity for another reason.  The Church cannot be one if it practices mortal sin.  More of this later. 

 

When the Church sticks the Catholic badge on people and is oblivious of their heretical sympathies and considers them to be true brethren it is impossible for her to be really one Church.

 

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What about inadvertent heretics?

 

Nearly all Catholics believe things they don’t know are heretical.  This is undeniable.  If you claimed to be a believer and had no doubts but did not know all Catholic doctrine you could not really believe.  You are only guessing that it is plausible.  You cannot really be a member of a Church you don’t believe in.  There is no Church.

 

Suppose a faction separated from the Catholic Church over something minor compared to the other Catholic doctrines, namely that the pope should be obeyed to the letter even in non-infallible teaching.  They would be claiming to be the true Catholic Church.  Any Roman Catholic who did not know he was supposed to believe that the pope was to be obeyed all the time and who did not know of this Church could hardly be said to be in communion with the pope for it is the other Church he would incline towards. 

 

Can’t belong to a religion you are ignorant of

 

You can’t be a Catholic if you know little about Catholic teaching.  You cannot sincerely or properly want to belong to a religion then because it has the truth for you don’t know.  Wanting to belong to the Church for another reason is just wanting to please yourself, not to be a Catholic.  The Catholic Church recognises people in this situation as true Catholics so it has no right to be called a Church.

 

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Desire not enough for membership

 

If you can’t believe your Catholic Church and want to believe or be Catholic does that mean you are a Catholic?  But you should be wanting to find the truth and believe it.  You should not be wanting to believe in Catholicism just because it is Catholicism.  Wanting to be a Catholic can’t make you a Catholic for it is sinful and if God is truth then to be anti-truth is to be anti-God.  If wanting to be a Catholic were enough to make you a Catholic then what are you if you want to be a Mormon as well?  If belief determines membership then that means the desire for truth is the basic drive behind it and a part of it therefore without it there is no true faith.

 

When I expressed my unbelief to my spiritual father as a seminarian he asked me if I wanted to be a Catholic.  I lied, replying in the affirmative and then he informed me that this meant I was a Catholic.  This is a common response to such an answer but it is a trick.  How can you want to be a Catholic when you don’t even think that the cult is true?  You only imagine you want things you don’t understand.  It is like people saying they want the right religion and somebody telling them this makes them Muslims for Islam is the true religion.  You can’t want to be so you are not.

 

That stops any Catholic from teaching that since the Catholic Church feels it wants to be one that it is one.

 

No unity for nobody knows who is expelled

 

The Catholic Church likes to teach that Jesus gave her the power to admit members and to excommunicate, put people out of the Church, in Matthew 18:18.  Her excommunications prove that she is a false religion or religions to be more exact.

 

Rome excommunicates individuals and groups.  There is excommunication which is pronounced by the bishop in a decree and then there is automatic excommunication which happens even if nobody but the excommunicated person knows about it.  It is just committing a sin so bad, like heresy or sacrilege or blasphemy, that it puts you out of the Church.

 

The Catholic never knows when whoever claims to be a Catholic is really a Catholic.  They might be hiding some heresy or not want to be part of the Church.  This proves that Catholic unity is superficial.

 

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Unjust excommunications destroy visible unity

 

If an excommunication is unjust then the expulsion from Church membership is null and void and in the eyes of the Lord the victims are still members of the true Church.  The Church is still visibly torn apart and no longer a Church - and it is those who have taken out their bell, book and candle who have divided themselves from them - so it is nonsense to say that she is one.

 

Rome has acted as if her excommunicating is valid even when she was wrong to have decreed it.  The pope excommunicated the Eastern Church over a misunderstanding in 1054.  That was the end of the Catholic Church and the beginning of the Catholic Churches.  The decree wasn’t abolished until the sixties by Paul VI which solves nothing.

 

All excommunications are unjust when the excommunicated think they are right.

 

If anybody knowingly or unknowingly excommunicates unjustly then he is a schismatic.  He is breaking away from a member of the Church so he is breaking away from the Church himself for you can’t divorce yourself from a part of the Church without breaking from all of it.  He is excommunicating himself.  He is leaving the true Church and making his victim become a false one.

 

The Church’s excommunication laws prove that she is no unity whether visible or invisible.  The Church says that God founded one infallible Church, a Church that cannot err in matters of faith and morals.  God gave infallibility to keep the Church one and in the truth.  The Church cannot ever pretend that she is infallible when she excommunicates though it is the only way she can put a veneer of credibility over her claim to be the one true Church.  It is odd that Jesus gave the Church infallibility to guide its doctrine and not to keep its unity which is just as important if not a more important issue.  What use is true doctrine if the Church is broken up?  What use is infallibility?

 

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A sinful Church cannot be one

 

Another reason that Catholic unity is nothing more than nominal is that if mortal sin exists then the Church is disunited for she regards mortal sinners as still being Catholics.  Mortal sin is the complete turning of one’s back on God and by implication, one’s neighbour, for love of God and love of neighbour are mutually dependent (teaching of the First Epistle of John in the Bible).  In particular, mortal rejects proper intimate and spiritual unity with the Church.  How could a mortal sinner possibly be a Catholic or in union with the Church in any proper way?  The sinner might call himself a Catholic and go to Mass but his unity with the Church is purely outward. 

 

God is infinitely perfect and so he hates sin infinitely meaning it is intending to offer infinite disrespect to God.  If sin exists all sin is mortal which means there are no Catholics.  The mortal sinner turns away from truth for God is truth therefore his faith has been renounced and replaced by artificial faith.

 

The Catholic Church has often produced a very dangerous morality.  The doctrines of St Alphonsus Liguouri were luridly evil though the Church of his day had no problem with him spreading it. 

 

The Church agrees with Kant’s malevolent and pharisaic Categorical Imperative that you should not do anything that you would not will the whole world to do like lying for example but adds the reason the rule is valid is because to break it is a sin in the sight of God  (page 116, Moral Philosophy). 

 

The Church says that the end never justifies the means because the means are willed more strongly than the end because the means are closer to you than the end.  They are more immediately willed than the end and so if you do evil that good may come your will is more strongly into the evil means than the good end.  The Church pushes it as far as the idea that a lie is wrong no matter what good will result from it (page 32, Moral Philosophy).  So if you lie to do some good you have to commit the lie first and therefore you are surer that the lie will happen than that the good will happen for you will commit the sin of lying and the lie is nearer to you in time.  You are more sure of what is closer, you know better what will happen in ten seconds and less better what will happen in five. 

 

If the Church is right then it follows that it is always wrong to care about consequences.  The stress Jesus made on living for today and treating the world as something that might not be here tomorrow would support this attitude for why do harm even for a justified purpose when the purpose might never get the chance to be fulfilled?  It would make the means evil. 

 

Humanism believes that even if you have to hurt somebody to help them you will the end and not the means. 

 

The Church teaches much hypocrisy.  The Church says that anger is allowed concerning public outrages but must be avoided with private ones (page 64, Moral Philosophy).  This makes no sense for the law is a mixture of private and public stuff and private evil affects the public.  The Church could not possibly be moral for the pope acts like a spiritual king and claims to be the monarch of the Church (page 327, Moral Philosophy) which gives a divine sanction to the snobbery and injustice and arrogance of monarchy.   Jesus too is guilty of this crime.  The Church also says that a thief has no obligation to turn himself into the police for it is their business to prove he committed the crime.  Would it not be hypocrisy to report somebody to the police for harming you when you have committed crime yourself?  Why should other people pay and not you?  What is so special about you?  Is it upholding the law to hide your crimes?  No for hidden crimes that are not redressed and dealt with by the law mock the law.  The law is meant to protect by bringing pain on criminals and would it be upholding the law to advise most criminals to avoid detection?  That is telling them the law cannot protect society from their crime.  I can’t believe that a Church with doctrines like this can claim to be relevant today!  The Church and Christianity in general believe that the virtuous or humble man despises an undeserved insult and still takes it as his due (page 101, Moral Philosophy).  It has to teach all this silliness because insults would be right if they were deserved and it cannot allow the man to think he does not deserve it for all are sinners and are guilty of sin even if they are cleansed from it now.  It should get rid of the problem by getting rid of free will.  The doctrine of free will prevents Catholic believers from ever formulating a practical and safe code of right and wrong.  The morality of the Church is incoherent delusion.

 

Unity with the Church of yesterday

 

It is not enough for the Church to be one with and in the membership alive now but it also has to be in communion of mind and heart with the Church that has gone before.  If it creates new teaching it ceases to be the same as that same Church and unity is broken.  The Catholic Church has invented new infallible teachings so it has broken with the Catholic Church of old leaving two Churches.

 

Some believe that when the Church of Rome added twelve new dogmas in addition to the old creeds in 1564 without the consent of a proper council and even added articles of faith to the body of the old creeds that it broke away from real Catholicism (page 7, Why I Am Not a Roman Catholic, PTS).

 

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No true visible Church

 

If the Roman Catholic Church is not the true Church, and we have proved this to be so, then some say there is no true visible Church and Jesus Christ was a false prophet for his prediction that the gates of Hell would never prevail against his Church failed (Matthew 16:18).  This prophecy uses the expression gates of Sheol and Sheol meant death in the Bible.  The prophecy may just mean that the Church could die but death will not triumph over it for it could be raised up to life again in the resurrection of the dead.  Also, Jesus could be with false Christians to guide them back to the truth or closer to it so his promise that he would abide with us forever would not be annulled by full and total apostasy.  God says that the prophet who makes a mistake and gives a revelation that is not from the Lord is a fraud that should be ignored and killed (Deuteronomy 18). 

 

When most Christians think the Bible says the true Church will never leave the earth, it follows that God does not approve of their faith in Jesus for they impute false revelation to him and are following what they see as a false prophet but refuse to admit it.  This is true even if he is the Son of God for they don’t know.  We are talking subjective, not objective, here.

 

The sacraments of the Church only work if the minister intends to be a channel of grace.  A priest can pour water on a baby and say the magic words that are used for the sacrament and be merely faking.  If he refuses to give grace then the baby is not validly baptised.  It is the same with sacraments such as ordination.   The Church must have many members who only think they have been baptised be the one visible true Church.  The Church must have many priests and bishops who only think they are ordained right.  They have no evidence.  They are really only hoping that they are baptised and ordained!  What a precarious unity!   This unity is so weak that it doesn’t deserve to be called unity.

 

The Church must be claiming to be the visible true Church just to attract members.  Why?  Because the claim doesn’t make sense but people are discouraged from thinking about religion so the Church gets away with it too much.  The Roman Church must in its heart agree with the Protestant concept that the true Church is invisible to us for we don’t know who belongs to it even if they say they do so only God sees the true Church and knows who is a member.

 

The Church agrees with the ancient dogma that outside the Church there is no salvation. 

 

This doctrine was was traditional teaching from the time of Cyprian in particular.  St Augustine's disciple, Fulgentius wrote, "The holy Roman Church with firmness believes, confesses and teaches that none of the people who are outside the Catholic Church, not only the pagans, but also the Jews, and heretics and schismatics, can receive eternal life and they will go into the eternal fire prepared for the Devil and those angels of his.  They will be saved only if they are gathered into the Church before they die."  The Council of Florence in 1442 used this formula to proclaim this to be a dogma of the Church. 

 

To get around this dangerous and divisive and fanatical teaching, some Catholic theologians say that if you are a sincere believer even in atheism and mean well and do good you are a Catholic without knowing it.  So one is not a formal Catholic but a Catholic in reality who does not know it yet.

 

This is really an attempt to force sincere people into the Church.  It actually demolishes the Church.  The Church then becomes a label.  It becomes humanity not a religion.  It makes the Church a mere religious and spiritual luxury.  It diminishes the importance of having a formal Christian ethos.  It discourages prospective converts.  Why bother becoming Catholic if you are Catholic anyway?

 

And if I form a silly religious sect tomorrow called the Only True Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints with two formal members would it not be ridiculous to say that all sincere people are members of this Church though they are not formal members?  Would it not be arrogant? Am I saying that all unrepentant sinners are Satanists and united to the Church of Satan though they are not formal Satanists?

 

Today the Church says that those who are invincibly ignorant of the Roman Catholic Church and follow the best light they have will be saved.  Those who can investigate if the Roman Catholic Church is the true Church and don’t will be damned for their negligence. But the question then arises, why the Roman Catholic Church?  Why not the Jehovah’s Witnesses, Mormons and the countless other sects of Christianity that boast that they have the truth?  What is so special about Roman Catholicism that it should get special consideration?  Yet the Church cannot deny any of this for to say those who can investigate the Roman Church and don’t can be saved is to deny, “Outside the Church, there is no salvation”, in every sense.  It is denied in the most liberal interpretation possible and in the most rigid interpretation possible as well.

 

The Church says that it is a very serious sin to decline the opportunity for membership in the Roman Church if you see that it is the one right religion.  That is going very far and our instincts tell us that it is bigotry.  When you see that, you get sceptical about attempts to stretch the meaning of the word Church to mean all sincere people religious or not and whether they are formal Catholics or not.  Why would a God who is so vicious be merciful to sincere people who are not formal Catholics and consider them to be informal Catholics?

 

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Not one in faith or government

 

The Catholic Church is not one in faith or in government.  Therefore it is not a Church but a pretend Church.  The proofs for this prove the same about any other group that claims to be the true Church like the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.  If Jesus was the Son of God he did not establish a visible true Church for he could not.  It is nonsense to say that a Church that is not a Church could have the marks of universality, holiness and apostolicity.  The other three marks of the true Church depend on the universality or Catholicity one.  Yet the infallible Nicene Creed speaks of one, holy, Catholic and apostolic Church.

 

Many accuse the Catholics of arrogance when they claim to constitute the true Church.  They counter that Jesus said it not them and he is God so God said it.  So they are telling us that they are not saying it but they are only saying that God says it.  But even if Jesus said his true Church would never leave the earth there is no guarantee that the Roman Catholic Church is the same Church that he founded.  A fake pope could be elected one way or another.  You cannot see if the Church is run by real believers which would be necessary for preserving the authenticity of the Church for example, many men in the college of Cardinals could be fakes and not Catholics in their hearts.  Therefore to believe in the Catholic Church headed by Rome is really to put faith in man not God.  The Church does not have the right government to be from God because we are supposed to believe God not man.  Therefore the Church is divorced from God.  Jesus never said that his apostles would remain true to the faith he taught forever.  Even if Roman Catholicism is the apostolic Church it is still no guarantee of authenticity.  The Church is advocating arrogance with its claim that Catholics are part of the true Church for only a handful of Catholics are able to give well-thought out reasons why the Church is true and they still manage to be wrong and flout logic.  You evidently need an encyclopaedic knowledge of history, canon law, logic, ecclesiology (theology of the Church) and scripture to be able to properly defend the authenticity of the Church and nobody can have that amount of knowledge.  You would need to know the minute by minute history of the popes and the Councils of the Church and their participants to be sure that there was no chance they could have ridden the Church into inauthenticity for it only takes one second for that to happen.  It takes only one secret thought to destroy the work of God to make a pope lose his legitimacy and make the Church illegitimate.  What claims God made are irrelevant.  The Church says that God promised that the Church would never lose the faith as if that settles it!  You would need to check it out first to be sure that it happened so then you could conclude that God maybe did make the promise. The claim to be the true Church is incompatible with humility.  Anybody who does not claim to be in the true Church but who claims to have the only true saviour Jesus is really no better.  How do they know that he is the only plausible candidate?

 

A unity between deceived people who have many cheating leaders is artificial because relationships need to be based on trust and honesty to be real.  They are based on open-mindedness and helping each other to find their own path even if it means going out of the Church.  The deceptions of the Church will lead to sectarianism and cannot lead to much else despite the work for unity.  Those Catholics who say that the evidence for their religion is sufficient but not very convincing and then to claim to be the true Church must ask themselves if they possess the sin of arrogance in their hearts.  The true Church then would have to be the most convincing one and pass logical tests.  You need a miraculous pile of knowledge to claim to be the most convincing sect and it is vulgar to claim to be the true Church without it.

 

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A serious problem

 

It is incorrect to say it is enough for the Church to be one.  You have to prove that it SHOULD be one.  Unity cannot impress or be a mark of divine favour if the seeming unity is gained by compromising your conscience which must happen in the Roman Church to a huge extent.  The Roman Church says that if she issues an unjust decree of excommunication the excommunication is null and void which should lead to chaos.  The law of the Church then does not promote unity and if the Church were really Catholic and one God would make sure it does.  The Bible itself commands that causing a schism may sometimes be necessary to preserve the true religion.  The Jews had to break with the Samaritans over the latter altering doctrine.  It is unfair to use the argument from oneness without first proving that there has been no departure from the deposit of revealed doctrine.  The Roman Church has been altering doctrines these days which implies that it is time that the Reorganised Roman Catholic Church be set up to continue the old faith.  The pope cannot preserve unity for the validity of his authority depends on his intentions and orthodoxy.  A heretical pope is not a pope at all.

 

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ROMAN NOT CATHOLICISM

 

Catholicity is held by Catholics to be a mark that designates them as the true Church of God.  The word Catholic means universal.  To grasp what the word Catholic means we should do what Father Richard P McBrien recommended on page 3 of his tome, Catholicism.  We should look for the word that is opposite to Catholic and that word is sectarian.  The Catholic Church can be considered sectarian in doctrine and in practice.  And especially in the darker implications of its teaching that it prefers to say little about.  For example, most Catholics believe women should be ordained as priests.  These Catholics should be excluded from the Church for wanting to be more inclusive to women.  Why?  Because, and only if, the Church is right to say that if women are ordained their ordination won't be valid and the power to give the sacraments will be lost so desiring women priests is to desire to destroy the Church.  

 

Catholic means not that all are in the Church but that the Church belongs to all, that all ought to join it.  Outsiders must abandon their former faith and turn to the Catholic Church and believe what it says. 

 

The Catholic Church proclaims that it is the true Church for it is in every nation on earth and is meant to be joined by every nation and race.  Jesus told his people to preach to all creatures.

 

But if it were really Catholic then how could it be for people who do not even realise that it exists?  God must not want them to join.  He has had plenty of time to make the whole world know and understand Roman Catholicism.

 

This is just typical of the Catholic tendency to live in fantasy.

 

Roman Catholics are really Roman “Catholics”.

 

Universality alone proves nothing.  Hundreds of religions claim to be for all nations and people.  Being the largest Church in the world would seem to make the claims of Catholicism worthy of consideration for it seems to make it more Catholic than other religions.  But any one of the world’s religions could end up huge some day.  The Catholic Church was once a handful of people.

 

What was the Church in the days not long ago when it said that sincerity could not save and that heretics and schismatics would all be damned?  Later it began to say that sincere Christians who were not Roman Catholics could be saved in so far as they were sincere and holy.  But the first teaching if incorrect would put the Church outside the boundaries of Catholicity.

 

The Church says that being Catholic means that it is the true Church.  So, Catholic means being universally right and that it is the only ark of truth for all.

 

Roman Catholicism is not Catholic because it is for those who are wrong and not for those who are right.  The idea of a wrong religion being Catholic is a contradiction.  Catholicism claims that Protestants are members of the Catholic Church but who just don’t know it.  That proves that it is not Catholic.  For a religion to be Catholic it has to claim that outside of it there is no salvation at all.  Your religious association and membership is caused by your faith – faith is religion meaning that absolute doctrinal accuracy is required.  A single error or doubt means you are your own religion.

 

Catholicism is not a religion for it isn’t really one in faith which is enough to expose the fact that it doesn’t bear the mark of Catholicity and has no right to the name Catholic.  And Jesus did say that only a few would have the true doctrine in its purity and apostasy was predicted for most Christians.  The errors of the Church are so serious that high-level Catholics could not possibly have a sincere faith.

 

The Church of Rome is not Catholic for it and its God excommunicate people unjustly.  It is not for all people when it does that.  If you sincerely believe that the Church is wrong like all heretics do then you have done nothing to deserve expulsion and being barred from her sacraments which express unity with the Church.  People who deny the shamelessly absurd dogma that doubt is a sin have to go, for example.  She exclaims that she cannot have them in her fold until they retract and mean it.

 

Even if the excommunication is invalid the fact remains that a division has occurred and is being upheld.

 

The Church of Rome is not Catholic for though she will baptise babies that will not be raised as Catholics she bars Protestants from that other lesser sacrament of unity, Holy Communion.

 

The Church has always denied that women can be validly ordained which means that though they are equals to men they must not be treated as such.  No matter how great the need the Church will not ordain women proving that the stuff about women having different roles to men is sexist prejudice for roles have to be dispensed with when the need is great enough.  A religion that abuses is not Catholic.  It does not really want the persons it is hostile towards.  They don’t get a proper welcome.

 

The Church of Rome’s Catholicity would be more important than her money, altars or Church buildings or anything else.  She has to continue it to be the true Church.  Yet she raises mountains of money while the poor die of hunger and the lack of medical attention.  She is not here for those people so she is not Catholic.  How could she be for all people when her actions kill them before they have a chance to even hear about the Church?  If we believe in Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount which hates people displaying their virtue we can be sure that claiming to be Catholic is unchristian.

 

For anybody to call themselves Catholic is to boast that they know it all.

 

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HUGE THEREFORE TRUE?

 

Lots of people reason that when a religion is very big that it must be true.  The Catholic Church is no exception.  Many of its teachings were made binding because the majority in the Church believed them.  This attitude that might means right is fallacious for a few simple reasons.

 

One, the majority is not always right.  Phone-poll results prove it.  Most of the people who have ever walked the earth have never been believers in the Catholic Church.  Paganism which had many different forms but which agreed on essentials has been the world’s largest religion.

 

There are certainly more Buddhists than Catholics.

 

The argument supposes that people devote themselves to religion because it is true which is completely wrong.  We all like to trick ourselves.  We do it in the love of fitting into society and for the love of success.  Just imagine how much more likely we would be to do it for religion.

 

Two, the majority is not always the majority.  Religion would be happy to say that there are a lot of insincere religionists about.  Many of the people who support Catholic policy are only Catholics on a Sunday and put Devil-worshippers to shame the rest of the week.  Many like to feel Catholic though they do not sincerely think Catholic.  Many times I have forgotten that I am not a Catholic and stood up for the pope and the teaching of the Church.  I feel a temptation to pretend to myself to be a Catholic.  All who are born into religion are conditioned to enjoy it to some extent.

 

According to a 1989 American poll a quarter of the American Catholic Church denies life after death and 46 % asserted that they have no Christian faith or belief in the resurrection of Christ when they said that no one could avoid being agnostic on life after death.  Nearly half of all French and Italian Catholics reject the resurrection of Christ and 77% reject the dogma of eternal punishment.  This means that most Catholics do not believe in the Church.  If the poll asked about other awkward doctrines would we find that only a handful claim to be submissive to Rome’s “unerring” decrees.

 

Roman Catholicism is quite a small religion.  The counterfeit variety prevails.  When you are talking about Roman Catholicism you mean the teaching system that is loyal to what it says is divine revelation.  But only a miniscule number who are mainly clergy really understand and could possibly claim to support that system entirely.  It is foolish to argue then that Roman Catholicism’s size has anything to do with verifying its claims. 

 

Think of the total number of people who followed the old-style paganism with gods of rain and goddess of this and that and their sacrifices and oracles.  The names and myths – which were not literally true anyway - might have been different but the main religious principles were the same.  Your are talking about nearly the whole world being pagan.

 

If the Catholic Church is the true religion the Catholicism of Rome is certainly not the true Catholic Church.

 

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IS CATHOLICISM HOLY?

 

One of the marks of the true Church is that it must be holy.  Obviously, if God starts a Church he would want it to be righteous and honest.

 

Roman Catholicism tells us, “The Catholic Church is holy in doctrine and is marked by the remarkable holiness of many of her children.  The miracles of God show her to be true for they wouldn’t be done for an unholy religion.”

 

This is no use for many religions claim to be holy and miraculous and to make people holy and to have plenty of holy people in them.  Everybody has a talent for faking goodness.

 

Miracles cannot be accepted as proofs for a religion being from God because devils can pose as angels of light and fake miracles that seem good but which are for a bad direct or indirect purpose are feasible if there are devils.  The miracles support false doctrines so they are unholy and a mark of unholiness in so far as they support these doctrines.  For example, at Lourdes the Virgin did miracles but did nothing to correct the errors of the Church. 

 

Individual Catholics could be holy but their creed cannot be regarded as holy.  They say they are sinners.  “The Council of Trent has defined that ‘after his justification a man cannot avoid, during the whole course of his life, every venial sin, without a special privilege such as the Church recognises was conferred on the Blessed Virgin’.  The soul in the state of grace can therefore avoid any venial sin considered separately, but cannot avoid all venial sins taken together by keeping itself always free from them” (page 63, The Mother of God and Our Interior Life).  The relevant decree was made in Session 6, Canon 23, of the infallible Council of Trent.  So, you can avoid venial sins like white lies but you cannot avoid the attitude that venial sins expresses – rebellion against God.  This is a venial sin but is different from venially sinning by telling lies so you always sin venially in your attitude.  That is what the quotation means by saying that there are separate venial sins and ones which are not separate in their way.  But if you sin then you will remember that you are a sinner when you pray or serve your God.  Piety is a mockery because you are letting God know that you will do good on your own terms not his.  A sinner cannot do good when he or she is aware of sin.  Catholic saints cheated a bit when they didn’t combat the Church’s teaching on sin.

 

The holier you are the less you will be likely to sin or so you would expect.  It is far more vicious to commit an easy sin than a harder one.  The Church says that even the saints sinned – it might have been slight but it was still sin.  Therefore the saints are the worst of the lot even if you deny that all sin is equally malicious.  If a saint tells a tiny lie, even if the lie is a tiny sin the fact that they so didn’t need to commit the sin and showed contempt to the grace of God which protects against sin is by no means minor.  They have insulted all the exceptional graces they received so sin-wise or intention-wise it makes no difference if they were holy or unholy for they cannot win.  External goodness is not enough according to the Church.  The Church says that if your conscience tells you to burn heretics you have to do it so it is intention that counts. 

 

Roman Catholicism says that you cannot do good that deserves a reward from God unless you have his help.  You can do good without it, it says.  But surely this good deserves a reward?  What a sectarian and ungrateful and slanderous religion this is.

 

The mark of holiness principally refers to the doctrine being holy, true and from God.  Rome is able to say that even if the whole Church were sinful it would still be holy as it is the means of holiness and the pillar of the holy truth.  She has to teach this for there are many sinners and insincere people in the Church.  But her doctrine is not holy for it is wrong.  There is more.  Everybody complains about having doubts.  One doubt puts faith out of you.  You do not believe in authority if you query so much as one thing it says.  Also, if you had no doubts but did not know all Catholic doctrine you could not really believe.  You are only guessing that it is plausible.  So there is no Church.  You cannot really be a member of a Church you don’t believe in.  There is no Church.  There is no point in saying that holiness is the mark of the true Church when there is no Church.

 

One disturbing thing about the holiness of the Church is that the holiness has to come from each individual member and the Church interprets that holiness as supernatural without knowing if it really is or not.  In other words, if a Catholic person does good the Church says that that person does it by the supernatural grace of God so that it is not a natural goodness and this supernatural goodness helps show that that Church bears the mark of holiness and approval by God.  This is actually stealing much of the commendation due to the person and stealing it for herself because it is using the person’s goodness for unjustifiable reasons and taking illegitimate advantage of it.

 

 

The mark of holiness implies that the Catholic Church must have a holier membership and a holier doctrine than any other religion otherwise it is not a mark at all.  Claiming that holiness among Catholics shows that the Catholic Church has the mark of holiness essential to being the true Church is strange considering the fact that the Church now says that the reason members of other religions and even pagans show real signs of holiness is because they follow Jesus unknowingly and through their sincerity they are counted as members of the true Church.  If Buddhists are as holy as Catholics then how can the holiness mark prove the Catholic Church to be the true Church?  If Buddhists are regarded as less holy then isn’t that going to encourage insulting of Buddhists and make the Catholics proud?  If pride would have to come from teaching that your Church is the true Church then it follows that God cannot found a true Church or at least one that can claim to be the true Church.

 

Buddhists could say that Catholics are holy through their grasp of the truth learned from Buddha though they reject him.  The point is once you start saying holiness is the mark of the true Church you have to say that outside visible membership of that Church there is no holiness for the argument is worthless if you start saying sincere outsiders can be holy and only look as if they are outsiders.  However, it is clear that Catholics claim to have more holiness for they are fully in communion with the true Church but this still makes no difference to the point I am making for nobody can see holiness or measure which religion has the holiest members.  So the Church adds to the arrogance by claiming to have the most holiness.  The Church has lost the mark of holiness by abandoning it in any meaningful sense that would allow it to be a mark of the only true Church so the corporation headed by the Vatican can by no means be considered to be the true Church.  The Church has no right to the name Catholic for when it opposes the mark of holiness despite paying lip-service to it for the true Church has to have the four marks of unity, catholicity, sanctity and apostolicity and each one depends on the others.  The Church cannot be apostolic if it rejects sanctity for that is against the apostles so it is not united with the Church of the apostles and is therefore not Catholic for only the apostolic Church can bear the mark of Catholicity in the sense that the mark shows it to be the true Church.

 

If the Catholic Church is one Church it is because it excludes anyone who is considered to be a heretic.  Any group then could claim to be one Church on that basis so Jesus and his Church don’t know what they are talking about.  The Church was once almost entirely Arian, that is, it denied the deity of Jesus Christ (page 98, Reason and Belief).  Using the four marks argument then often involves dishonesty or blindness.

 

Rome says that Jesus founded one Church and that she is that Church.  It is pride to say that for even if Jesus said his Church would never fail he never said the same of the Vatican.  If Jesus thought he did then if he started a so-called Church this result could not possibly be from God or holy and he would be marked as a phoney.

 

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CATHOLICISM APOSTOLIC?

 

The creed Catholics say at Mass tells them that there is one apostolic Church.  Jesus left his gospel and religion in the hands of the apostles meaning that if a Church claims to be the true Church then it must claim to be everything that the apostles would want it to be.  It must claim to be true to the apostles’ doctrine and to have been founded upon them (Ephesians 2:20).  It must be able to prove it.

 

But even if the Church agrees with the apostles in most things there is no evidence that she agrees with them in all so the claim to be apostolic is just a guess.  Most of Rome’s dogmas cannot be traced back to the apostles.  This proof is no good.  Bible-only religions are a safer bet.

 

And there is plenty of evidence and proof that Roman Catholicism is a religion made up after the apostles.  There is no proof that much of the New Testament itself is true to the apostles for they had nothing to do with writing many of the books in it.  The Church would have to deny the stance of the scholars who say that most of the books were not written by who they say they were and would have to say they are all totally apostolic to have more hope of seeming to be the apostolic Church.

 

When some of Rome’s doctrines are provably false and hypocritical she cannot tell people to believe that “she is faithful to apostolic doctrine and that demonstrates her loyalty to the revelation of God.”  If apostolic doctrine is right then she is wrong and if it is wrong she is still wrong.

 

Rome claims to have derived its sacramental powers from the apostles but there is no evidence for that serious claim.  Sacraments aren’t mentioned in the Bible at all.  It never says that certain rites have the power to give grace from God.

 

The Catholic Church does not take the word of the apostles that it is the true Church but the word of the bishops and priests.  Therefore it is really hostile to the apostles.  There is a contradiction between the Church saying it is the true Church because it was founded by and wholly devoted to Christ and it saying that it is also apostolic for the apostles were authorised to preserve the doctrine of Christ.  To follow what apostles say about Jesus is not the same as following Jesus.  It is following their portrayal and as for their claim that Jesus authorised them plenty of others who contradicted them have made that claim.  This is why Christians in Corinth said they were for Christ and not the apostles (1 Corinthians 1:12) – Corinth had an inadequate understanding of Pauline Christianity so don’t think that they were going directly to the historical records about Jesus instead of listening to the apostles and if they had Paul would have proved that Jesus authorised the apostles to rule the Church in his stead - and were shot down by the wily St Paul who evilly knew that they had a point and still wanted to slap them down. 

 

If proof or evidence that the apostles and Rome are of one mind in religious teaching existed it would prove that the doctrines of Rome are as hateful as theirs was.  The apostles preached lies and blasphemy in the name of God.  And if Rome wants to be called apostolic then she is making herself as bad as they were.

 

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Conclusion

 

The Catholic Church regards its claim to be the true Church to be its biggest credential for it argues from this that it is the only visible Church that can trace its origin back to Christ.  But this claim is bogus and making it is sufficient proof that the Church is bogus.   

 

 

BOOKS CONSULTED 

 

A GREAT LEGACY, Rev RJ Coates, Irish Church Mission, Dublin

A PATH FROM ROME, Anthony Kenny Sidgwick & Jackson, London, 1985

A ROMAN CATECHISM WITH A REPLY THERETO, John Wesley Protestant Truth Society, London 

A WOMAN RIDES THE BEAST, Dave Hunt, Harvest House, Eugene, Oregon, 1994

ALL ONE BODY – WHY DON’T WE AGREE?  Erwin W Lutzer, Tyndale, Illinois, 1989

AN ACCOUNT OF ARCHBISHOP JAMES USHER 1581-1656, ND Emerson MA PhD, Townsend Street, Dublin  

APOSTOLICAL SUCCESSION, James Heron, Outlook Press, Belfast 

BIBLICAL EXEGESIS AND CHURCH DOCTRINE, Raymond E Brown, Paulist Press, New York, 1985 

BUT THE BIBLE DOES NOT SAY SO, Rev Roberto Nisbet, Church Book Room Press, London 1966

CATECHISM OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH, Veritas, Dublin, 1995

CATHOLICISM, Richard P McBrien, HarperSanFrancisco, New York, 1994

CATHOLICISM AND CHRISTIANITY, Cecil John Cadoux, George Allen & Unwin Ltd, 1928

CATHOLICISM AND FUNDAMENTALISM, Karl Keating, Ignatius Press, San Francisco, 1988

CHRISTIANS GUIDE TO ROMAN CATHOLICISM, Bill Jackson, Colonial Baptist Press, Louisville, Kentucky, 1988

CITY OF GOD, St Augustine, Penguin Books, Middlesex, 1986 

DAWN OR TWILIGHT? HM Carson, IVP, Leicester, 1976 

DEAR CATHOLIC FRIEND, John R Rice, Sword of the Lord, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, 1989

DIFFICULTIES, Mgr Ronald Knox and Sir Arnold Lunn, Eyre & Spottiswoode, London, 1958

DOCUMENTS OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH, edited by Henry Bettenson, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1979 

ENCHIRIDION SYMBOLORUM ET DEFINITIONUM, Heinrich Joseph Denzinger, Edited by A Schonmetzer, Barcelona, 1963

EVANGELICAL CATHOLICS A NEW PHENOMENON, Stanley Mawhinney, Christian Ministries Incorporated, Dundrum, Dublin, 1992

FUTURIST OR HISTORICIST? Basil C Mowll, Protestant Truth Society, London 

HANDBOOK TO THE CONTROVERSY WITH ROME, Karl Von Hase, Vols 1 and 2, The Religious Tract Society, London, 1906

HOW SURE ARE THE FOUNDATIONS?  Colin Badger, Wayside Press, Canada

HOW TO CHOOSE YOUR VOCATION IN LIFE, Thomas Artz C.SS.R, Liguori Publications, Missouri, 1976

INFALLIBILITY IN THE CHURCH, Patrick Crowley, CTS, London, 1982

IS THE CATHOLIC CHURCH A BIBLE CHURCH?  John Hamrogue, C.SS.R, Liguori, Missouri, 1983  

IS THERE SALVATION OUTSIDE THE CATHOLIC CHURCH?  Fr J Bainvel SJ, TAN, Illiniois, 1979 

JESUS HYPOTHESES, V Messori, St Paul Publications, England, 1975

LETTERS TO A ROMAN CATHOLIC PRIEST, H A Ironside, Loizeaux Brothers, New Jersey, 1982 

LION CONCISE BOOK OF CHRISTIAN THOUGHT, Tony Lane, Lion, Herts, 1984 

LIVING IN CHRIST, A Dreze SJ, Geoffrey Chapman, London-Melbourne 1969   

LOOK!  THE DOUAY BIBLE AGAINST ROME, Connellan Mission, Dublin 

MORAL PHILOSOPHY, Joseph Rickaby SJ, Stonyhurst Philosophy Series, Longmans, Green and Co, London, 1912 

NEW CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA, The Catholic University of America and the McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., Washington, District of Columbia, 1967 

ON BEING A CHRISTIAN, Hans Kung, Translated by Edward Quinn, Collins, Fount Paperbacks, Glasgow, 1978

OUGHT I TO SEND MY CHILD TO A CONVENT SCHOOL? Rev Walter H Denbow, Protestant Truth Society, London, 1969 

ROMAN CATHOLIC CLAIMS, Charles Gore MA, Longmans, London, 1894 

ROMAN CATHOLIC OBJECTIONS ANSWERED, Rev H O Lindsay, John T Drought Ltd, Dublin 

ROMAN CATHOLIC TEACHING CONTRASTED WITH BIBLE TEACHING, Bernard Burt, The Bible Student Press, Coventry

ROMAN CATHOLICISM TESTED BY THE SCRIPTURES, John A Coleman, New Litho Pty. Ltd, Victoria, 1987

ROMAN CATHOLICISM WHAT IS FINAL AUTHORITY?  Harold J Berry, Back to the Bible, Nebraska, 1974 

ROMAN CATHOLICISM, Lorraine Boettner, Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, Phillipsburg, NJ, 1962 

ROMANISM AT VARIANCE WITH THE BIBLE, Rev James Gardner, Protestant Truth Society, London, 1987

ROME HAS SPOKEN, A GUIDE TO FORGOTTEN PAPAL STATEMENTS AND HOW THEY HAVE CHANGED THROUGH THE CENTURIES, Maureen Fiedler and Linda Rabben (Editors), Crossroad Publishing, New York, 1998

ROME THE GREAT PRIVATE INTERPRETATOR, Peter S Ruckman Penascola Bible Press, Palatka, Florida, 1969

SALVATION, THE BIBLE AND ROMAN CATHOLICISM, William Webster, Banner of Truth, Edinburgh, 1990

SECRETS OF ROMANISM, Joseph Zacchello, Loizeaux Brothers, New Jersey, 1984

THE ADVANCE OF ROMANISM, S M Houghton, Cotswold Bible Witness, 1964 

THE BIBLE OR THE CHURCH? Ken Camplin, Printland Publishers, India, 1996 

THE BIBLE REFUTES ROMANISM Philip H Rand Protestant Truth Society, London 

THE CATHOLIC CHURCH HAS THE ANSWER, Paul Whitcomb TAN, Illinois, 1986

THE CHURCH AND INFALLIBILITY, BC Butler, The Catholic Book Club, London, undated

THE CHURCH OF ROME AND THE WORD OF GOD, Rev Eric C Last, Protestant Truth Society, London

THE DEVELOPMENTS OF ROMAN CATHOLICISM, John A Bain MA, Oliphant Anderson & Ferrier, Edinburgh and London, undated 

THE EARLY CHURCH, Henry Chadwick, Pelican, Middlesex, 1987

THE GREAT MEANS OF SALVATION AND OF PERFECTION, St Alphonsus De Ligouri, Redemptorist Fathers, Brooklyn, 1988

THE MOTHER OF GOD AND OUR INTERIOR LIFE, Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange, OP, TAN, Illinois, 1993

THE PRIMITIVE FAITH AND ROMAN CATHOLIC DEVELOPMENTS, Rev John A F Gregg BD, APCK, Dublin, 1928 

THE RICHES OF ROME AND THE UNSEARCHABLE RICHES OF CHRIST Robert D Browne, Protestant Truth Society, London 

THE STUDENT’S CATHOLIC DOCTRINE, Rev Charles Hart BA, Burns & Oates, London, 1961 

THE TRUE CHURCH AND THE FALSE, The National Union of Protestants, Suffolk 

THE VATICAN PAPERS, Nino Lo Bello, New English Library, Kent, 1982 

TRADITIONAL DOCTRINES OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH EXAMINED, Rev CCJ Butlin, Protestant Truth Society, London

TREASURES FROM GOD’S STOREHOUSE, Dr Bill Jackson, Colonial Baptist Press, Louisville, Kentucky, 1991

VICARS OF CHRIST, Peter De Rosa, Corgi Books, London, 1993 

WHAT HAPPENED!  Francisco Lacueva, Evangelical Protestant Society, Belfast 

WHY BE A CATHOLIC?  Fr David Jones OP, Catholic Truth Society, London, 1996 

WHY I AM NOT A ROMAN CATHOLIC, Rev Canon McCormick DD, Protestant Truth Society, London, 1968 

YOU CAN LEAD ROMAN CATHOLICS TO CHRIST, Wilson Ewin, New England Mission, Nashua 1980 

 

BIBLE VERSION USED

The Amplified Bible 

 

THE WWW

 

The Anti-Catholic Bible

www.catholic.com/library/The_Anti_Catholic_Bible.asp

 

Christians versus the Lies of Catholicism

www.cephasministry.com

 

Sunday, 09 December 2007

 

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