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PENITENTIAL

PERILS

 

Index

CHURCH DECREES ON THE SACRAMENT

REFUTATION FROM THE BIBLE

BIBLE SAYS WE CAN GO STRAIGHT TO GOD

REASON AGAINST ABSOLUTION

FORGOTTEN SINS

ATONEMENT PREVENTS ABSOLUTION

THE PARDONING OF VENIAL SINS

CONCLUSION

CHURCH DECREES ON THE SACRAMENT

 

The Roman Catholic Church is notorious for its claim that its priests can forgive sins as if they were God.

The Roman Catholic Church claims to be infallible and in the decrees in which it exercised this alleged charism it said that the sacrament of penance was authorised and empowered by God.

 

The quotes come from Salvation, The Bible and Roman Catholicism. 

 

Chapter One of the Fourteenth Session of the Council of Trent declared that since we do not remain faithful after baptism we need another sacrament, the sacrament of penance.  It said, “The Lord…principally instituted the sacrament of penance, when, being raised from the dead, he breathed on his disciples, saying: Receive ye the Holy Ghost: whose sins you shall forgive, they are forgiven them, and whose sins you shall retain, they are retained.  By which action so signal, and words so clear, the consent of all the Fathers has ever understood that the power of forgiving and retaining sins was communicated to the apostles and their lawful successors for the reconciling of the faithful who had fallen after baptism” (page 148).

 

Chapter Five says, “From the institution of the sacrament of Penance, as already explained, the universal Church has always understood that the entire confession of sins was also instituted by the Lord, and is of divine right necessary for all who have fallen after baptism; because that our Lord Jesus Christ, when about to ascend from earth to Heaven, left priests his own vicars, as presidents and judges, unto whom all the mortal crimes, into which the faithful of Christ may have fallen, should be carried, in order that, in accordance with the power of the keys, they may pronounce the sentence of forgiveness or retention of sins.  For it is manifest that the priests could not have exercised this judgment without knowledge of the case” (page 149).

 

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REFUTATION FROM THE BIBLE

 

 

The Church assumes that when Jesus gave the Church the power to bind and loose so that what it bound or loosed would be bound or loosed in Heaven he meant it could forgive sin.  This is nonsense.  The power was given in the present tense before the time after the resurrection when Rome says he gave the power to forgive sins to the apostles.  The authority refers only to the power to accept people or excommunicate them.  Rome says Jesus forgave sins.  Also Jesus didn’t literally forgive sins as if he were God for he only told the man that his sins were forgiven.   He said that he had the authority to forgive sins but he doesn’t say he had the authority to forgive sins in the person of God.

 

When Jesus told the apostles after his resurrection that if they forgave the sins of any they were forgiven he may have had the non-literal interpretation in mind (John 20:23).  Just as John can’t forgive Marty for hitting Sean for he is not Sean so priests could not possibly literally forgive as if they were the offended God.  Jesus knew that though the paganism of Roman Catholicism has forgotten that.  Moreover, the Bible occasionally speaks of declaring an act like it was performing it (Jeremiah 1:10; Isaiah 6:10).  The John text could have been using this peculiar method of expression.  It may just mean that to successfully declare a person pardoned by God is to forgive.

 

2 Corinthians 5:18-20 says that the apostles had the ministry of reconciling people with God.  Do marriage guidance counsellors who have a ministry of reconciliation forgive the estranged husband and wife?

 

The final Catholic proof is the alleged mention of Paul absolving the sins of an incestuous man in his letters (1 Corinthians 5; 2 Corinthians 2).  Paul judging, excommunicating and pardoning this man is hardly the same as giving him the sacrament of penance! 

 

The Council of Trent taught infallibly that Jesus, “has left priests to represent him as presiding judges, to whom Christ’s faithful are to submit all mortal sins into which they have fallen, in order that they may pronounce sentence of sins remission or retention in virtue of the power of the keys” (14th Session, Chapter 5).  It is Catholic teaching that the absolution given by priests is a judicial act – actus judicialis.  Its an act that involves the priest making a judgment so it cannot be given without confession of individual sins (page 13, Penance Sacrament of Reconciliation).   The Church isn’t consistent with its own teaching.  Somebody comes in confessing that God cannot trust them and neither can the Church.  So how can the priest be expected to pardon them just because they confess and say they are sorry?  Some people like confessing – its like a boast to them.  So what should happen is people confess and prove their sorrow to the priest before absolution.  In a court of law, a judicial system cannot simply take people’s word for things.  A system that does is not being judicial.  Yet if Jesus really gave priests the power to forgive sins, Trent is right.  It is wrong so he didn’t.

 

If Jesus gave the priests judicial authority to forgive and retain sins then how can we explain his hatred of authoritarianism when he said that whoever would be Lord must be the servant of all? The interpretation is faulty.  If need be, we would have to hold that the text of John 20:23 has lost its clarity or has been inaccurately preserved for us.

 

Both the Old and New Testaments have people going straight to God for forgiveness.

 

If Catholics want the priest to pardon them in the cheerless semi-darkness of a box then they should burn their Bibles for being Protestant.  Nobody should want the forgiveness of a God or Church that holds that God is right to withhold the power to forgive sins from laypersons even in a state of absolute necessity.  I mean that if a person is dying you cannot absolve them unless you are a priest.  No matter how holy you are even the lowest scoundrel of a priest is needed to save the person’s soul.  This is extremely offensive to reasonable people. 

 

 

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BIBLE SAYS WE CAN GO STRAIGHT TO GOD

 

The Psalms and the Old Testament have people praying straight to God for forgiveness and getting it. 

 

When the Gospel is supposed to be good news it is clear that God could not and would not have changed this structure to make it harder leaving one having to look for a validly ordained priest and remember sins and fight the shame of confessing to that priest. 

 

Jesus told his apostles that they must pray the Our Father which pleads, “Forgive us our trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us.”  The prayers at the start, “Hallowed be thy name, thy kingdom come”, are by implication prayers for pardon too for they ask that God be fittingly praised and his reign of righteousness will come.  How could you want the name reverenced and the kingdom to come now as Jesus wanted us to when you mean “forgive me God but not now and wait until I get to confession”? 

 

Rome says the Lord’s Prayer will get venial sins forgiven if you sincerely mean it.  The Lord’s Prayer would be meaningless to a person who had no venial sins never  mind mortal sins but Jesus wants all to use the prayer.  It speaks of no restrictions.  The Lord’s Prayer refutes the idea that some forgiveness is the priest’s domain. 

 

The Catholic forgiveness system contradicts the urgency of the New Testament message of conversion and even more so in the past when there were no cars and when there was much persecution of Christians.  If a person needed absolution in times of persecution it was very hard to get and caused much terror.  St Paul said we could not get married for we had to prepare for the second coming.   There was no time for the Catholic system which only slows things.  When the Bible never denies that we must go straight it is enough to prove that it wants us to go straight.

 

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REASON AGAINST ABSOLUTION

 

The Church of Rome claims that priests can forgive sins.  When the priest absolves you in the name of God, God forgives the sins.  Jesus is supposed to have told the apostles that whoever’s sins they forgive are forgiven by God (John 20:23).  The institution of the doctrine of priestly absolution is ascribed to him.

 

It is ludicrous to suggest that a priest can forgive sin as if he were God who was sinned against for he is not God.  Even God cannot equip a person to forgive such for it is illogical.

 

Half-Protestant Catholics might feel that is not a case of priests forgiving you as if they were the God that sin offends but one of priests letting God pardon you.  They want to say that it is God who forgives not the priest.  But then they think Jesus said to the apostles if you forgive the sins of any they are remitted meaning absolution.  The priest says, “I absolve you from your sins in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.” 

 

It is the priest who forgives and not God for God is compelled to obey the priest when the priest says that such and such a sin does not exist anymore. 

 

When God won’t forgive the sins until the moment the priest pronounces absolution then the priest is letting God forgive you.  Some say the priest is not letting God forgive what he is doing is something that coincides with forgiveness from God.  They say God set up the entire arrangement so he has it all planned and forgives because he wants to not because he is allowed to by the priest.  But God is giving priests the power to allow him.  If a priest refuses absolution to somebody who should get it God won’t forgive.  Of course the priest lets God forgive.

 

If God absolved one person who couldn’t find a priest then he would have to absolve everybody that couldn’t get one.  This would lead to priests being unable to forgive anybody because no sinner can get to confession as soon as he or she repents!  It is a crazy God that gives grace to those who can’t make it to Mass and who won’t forgive the sin of one who can’t get a confessor.  He forgives forgotten sins (page 215, Apologetics and Catholic Doctrine, Part 2).  They don’t matter to him.  They have not even been repented of.  Then he evilly refuses to forgive a person who really wants it and repents.  This God does not do all he can to keep us from sin and Hell and anyone who asserts with Rome that this is not the case is trying to deceive.

 

Mortal sins are sins that keep the sinner from being God’s friend.   Imperfect contrition is repentance for the love of God and a less noble reason.   Persons who have only imperfect contrition for their mortal sins cannot get forgiven without the priest.  If God can forgive them during confession then he can do it himself without the priest.  He won’t.  He is forcing them to stay in sin.  The Lord is making them continue to oppose him.  It is not right for God to keep persons who are fit for forgiveness out of his friendship just because the priest is not near at hand.  It is vindictively holding that they should be pardoned and refusing to pardon.  God is not love if he is not forgiving.  To trap a person in iniquity even for a moment is to stoop as low as that person has for it is sinfully sustaining his or her sinful responsibility.  The Catholic Church cannot say that God is entitled to refuse forgiveness when Jesus paid the sinners’ debt to God’s justice.  If she does then she is denying her infallible dogma that Jesus died for all.

 

If God is infinite good then he doesn’t deserve to be opposed so he is being unjust to himself.  God must like sin when he does that.  Every bad person has the right to be reformed, which Rome denies at this point to acclaim the divine hypocrisy of claiming to detest sin and then forcing it on people by making them stay in the sins they choose to commit.

 

It is blasphemous to teach in union with the pope that people with tremendous and superior quality attrition – imperfect contrition – for sins should be made to stay in them by God because they can’t get a priest while saying that persons with barely any attrition that is barely repentance truly get forgiveness from God through a priest.  This makes finding a priest more important than being sorry.  It is insulting the penitent for nothing.  Reason shows that the sorrow for sin should come first.  A forgiving God would not be more interested in penitents meeting the priest than in their sorrow.  If he is then he snobbishly thinks that priests are something special and everybody else is muck.

 

The Catholic God acts strangely for one that is said to do all he can to keep the human race from falling into the everlasting damnation of Hell.  If those people die suddenly God will be guilty of trapping them to get them thrown in Hell.  (Then Rome has the gall and the viciousness to criticise Prods for teaching that God plots to get some sinners damned.)  Even Rome agrees that that is unloving.  They will be tempted to commit more mortal sins when they are stuck in mortal sin.  When one is a mortal sinner and going to Hell one need not shrink from adding another to the collection.  The Bible says that God never directly does what tempts one to sin (James 1:13).  He would sin against himself if he did and then he would be all-evil.

 

All Roman Catholicism can say to our charge that her absolution system is evil is that when we don’t deserve God’s mercy it is up to him to decide the manner in which we will obtain pardon.  That is only true if it is a loving way.  The Bible says forgiveness is a gift.  You don’t inconvenience your wife or degrade her even for a moment in the process of delivering a gift to her.  In that case the gift is not much of a gift at all.

 

The doctrine of absolution makes priests look outrageously selfish and arrogant.  If getting absolution from a priest is essential for eternal salvation what would the sincere priest do?  Never leave the confessional, that’s what!  The lesser evil of living in a box is to be preferred to letting souls commit more sins, the greatest of all evils, and fall into Hell.  To leave the confessional is to force a mortal sinner to stay in sin for a while.  And people are sinning this way all the time.  It is a mortal sin for a priest to keep a person in mortal sin even for a minute.  That is preventing someone from being God’s friend.  To approve of this for a minute is refusing to do God’s will if he loves the sinner for he will want him back as soon as possible.  Rome approves of delays provided they are not too extreme.  If the priest has to visit a sick person and send those waiting in the chapel for confession away she doesn’t mind.  That is inconsistent with love as the Church interprets it.  Healing souls from the worst evil comes before consoling the sick or absolving many sinners matters more than going away to absolve one.  It is accusing God of doing evil at the bidding of the Church. 

 

The Catholic absolution doctrine infers that we should be more grateful to the priest than God.  It is the priest who makes God do what God wouldn’t do without him.  This is part of the hierarchy’s plot to be preferred to God and to truth.

 

The sacrament of reconciliation is extremely evil for it puts going to confession and receiving absolution before doing good.  Jesus would rather a person was conditionally absolved and then made that absolution active by doing some big good work.  For example the idea could be, “I absolve you from your sins now but that absolution will only take effect when you will visit the hospital and take some lonely sick people out.”  The Jesus of the Sermon of the Mount could not approve of a system in which you display your repentance to a witness without verification.  He wanted such things private and for people to be God-centred and other-centred and not to do good in front of others unless unavoidable. 

 

When God comes first according to the Catholic Church it follows that you should not forgive anybody who says they are sorry for hurting you until they go to confession first.  That is in case you are forgiving somebody who God has not forgiven.  That kind of blackmail proved useful in the gullible past.

 

No mature person could accept the priestly pretensions to having the power to remove sins as true.

 

Jesus said we must firstly love God with all our being and in second place our neighbour as ourselves.  When God forbids us to put anything or anyone alongside him in our affections he really only cares about himself.  That is all he made us for.  It also means that those who do not believe cannot find any satisfaction in being helped by a Christian for that help is not given for their sake but for God’s so it is harmful to unbelievers.  So when God is like that it is none of his business what we do and he has no right expecting us to come to him for pardon.

 

What business is it of God’s if I hurt another person?  This is a big problem for the sacrament of reconciliation which plainly says it is his business and the business of the Church officials who are invested with divine judicial authority.   Christians say God made the person and loves the person so to hurt the person is to insult his work and his love for that person.  You are abusing the gifts God gave you so that you can hurt this person.  You are insulting God.

 

So God is not worried about a person being hurt.  He is worried about the insult to the gifts he has given to the person so he is worried about what he has done for the person being desecrated.

 

If a doctor saves the life of X and J seriously injures him does J have to express more sorrow to the doctor than X?  Of course not.

 

Some say God doesn’t demand an apology from you to him when you hurt a person because the person is a person but because he loves the person.  Religion claims that God alone matters and is to be loved which proves this.  It is not the person who matters but God being offended.  The scandalous thing about this is that God is not literally offended.  He is perfectly happy and cannot change and cannot feel pain.  He only intellectually asserts that the sin should not happen but it does not harm him or make him sad.  The scandal is that something beyond pain is put before something that can experience suffering.  That is not the kind of morality we want by any standard. 

 

It cannot be God’s business when we hurt a person simply because that person is a person with feelings.  In other words, it is not God’s concern if a person is hurt even if it is his concern that his love and gifts for that person have been affronted.  God is not the person but the victim is the person therefore it is the victim’s concern only.  God may disapprove of the person being hurt but that does not entitle him to be requested for his forgiveness.  He is only forgiving for the insult to himself and his gifts but he is not forgiving for hurting the other person for that is not possible.  That is between you and the other person.  To go to confession instead of pleading for forgiveness from the person you have hurt is disgusting.  If everybody knew that it was none of God’s business when we hurt another person nobody would follow religion anymore.  The doctrine of the forgiving God who can forgive what is none of his business is dangerous for it suggests that God’s thinking is not ours and that we should follow his whether it makes sense or not or hurts or not.

 

A person should be ashamed to go to confession and confess that they have hurt another person when they won’t go and confess and express sorrow and try to make amends fully to the victim FIRST.  You would be proven more genuine if you did that.  It is easier to admit you are wrong to God than to the other person.  It is therefore egotistical to confess sin to God and not others as the Catholic Church has you doing it.  God should not reward this insult to the victim by forgiving the sin in confession. 

 

Jesus had a point when he said that you must keep your sacrifice to God until you make peace with your brother you fell out with first and then go and sacrifice (Matthew 5:23-24).  Confession and winning God’s forgiveness in the absolution are offering yourself as a sacrifice to God to live in service of him.  Jesus meant animal sacrifice but that makes no difference.  If you have to reconcile with the people you have hurt and the people you have made insufficient effort to heal their animosity towards you in relation to animal sacrifice, how much more will you have to do it before confession or before going to Mass in which the Church claims to offer the sacrifice of Christ on Calvary to God?  How much harder you will have to try!  And you have to be reconciled with yourself by obtaining God’s forgiveness for your own sins first.  And how hypocritical it is for Catholic priests to be celebrating Mass every day when the standard of nobility is so high?  The sacrifice of a person who hasn’t asked forgiveness of the people he has hurt and who hasn’t tried to make amends is an insult to God.  the heart is more important than any sacrifice.   It is like giving the queen tea but expressing no respect for her.

 

It is scandalous to teach as Roman Catholicism does that if I hurt another person I will be forgiven in confession even if I never go near them first.  And especially when that cult says that if I hurt a person and instantly make amends in a state of repentance, I will not be forgiven until I go to confession.  So the person who hasn’t made amends yet is better off than the person who has!  Roman Catholicism is an evil religion and the enemy of right and wrong.

 

 

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FORGOTTEN SINS

 

 

The Catholic Church holds that if you forget to tell a mortal sin in confession that is all right.  You can tell it the next time.

 

The Church is misleading us for a person could write them down and destroy the paper after emerging from the confessional.  There is no excuse for forgetting so forgotten sin will not be pardoned.

 

Deliberately forgetting a mortal sin and forgetting you forgot must be fine because when you forget it you can’t really mean to refuse to repent it.  When you forget your sin you sincerely believe that it does not exist anymore.  The Church says God cannot punish you for sincerity.  Confession is just superstition.

 

Confession is a waste of time when you don’t have to remember and confess everything.  It is evil for it forces a priest to listen to you saying you will bomb the shopping cetire tomorrow.  He could save lives if he could tell it.  The rules of confession force him not to divulge it.  And for what?

 

You cannot repent of each forgotten sin because you don’t remember what it was and you might feel differently if you remember it.  It is no use simply praying, “God, forgive my forgotten sins”.  It is better to make a list of all the sins you possibly could have committed and say after each one, “If I have done this then I am truly sorry.”  That is the nearest you can get to confessing and repenting the sin.

 

With the other way it is like somebody saying, “I hate lying”, forgetting that they like to tell white lies.  Obviously, there is no hatred of sin or prudence in a person who simply does not worry about forgotten sins and does not specifically repudiate each one.

 

It is a mortal sin not to use the list method because if you don’t then you don’t care if you have committed a forgotten mortal sin.  To accept mortal sin is a mortal sin.

 

We see that the dread of death that Catholics have over the confessional which is directly caused by being afraid that they have forgotten some sins is justified.  One cannot be pardoned unless one does the list method of repenting mortal sin first which means that unexpected death could put you in Hell even if you have been absolved because you cannot do the list method.  Everybody commits the mortal sin of neglecting the list method.  If confession puts you in a state of grace then it only lasts for a few hours or less – until the possibility of committing a forgotten mortal sin is started.

 

If God passes over forgotten sins he can punish nobody even one who temporarily forgets or is distracted from sin.  It implies that God hates sinners by sending suffering to get them to repent.

 

Imagine what terror such teachings instil.

 

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ATONEMENT PREVENTS ABSOLUTION

 

The Catholic Church believes that Jesus somehow earned forgiveness for us and that this pardon is distributed in confession by the priest.

 

Now, when our sins are paid for, what right does God have to keep the freedom from sin we are entitled to from us until we go to confession?  It is different for men to make conditions for legal pardon but that is because we don’t see into people’s hearts but God does and so he can do the right thing easily and the moment the person is open to his grace.  The sacrament of reconciliation contradicts God’s love and willingness to keep us out of Hell.  There is no need for the sacrament.

 

If Jesus paid for our sins then we are not forgiven in confession because instead of being forgiven our sins are punished though someone else had to pay.  So, the atonement means that priests cannot really forgive sins.  They are told to intend to but how can they?  And their absolution is invalid if they don’t.

 

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THE PARDONING OF VENIAL SINS

 

The Catholic Church teaches that you can make a holy and good confession without being sorry for all your venial sins provided you have no mortal sin.  But this teaching is the mortal sin of heresy for one sin defiles all you do and that is that.

 

 “We are not bound to confess what we know to be only venial sins; but if a penitent has only venial sins to confess, he must be truly sorry for at least one of them, or his Confession would be null and void; and only those venial sins would be forgiven for which he was truly sorry” (page 320, The Student’s Catholic Doctrine). 

 

If you have another sin that you are not sorry for, then you can’t be pardoned for your “attempt” at repentance is a sin and a mockery.  You can’t repent of a sin unless you reject it for it is evil but you can’t reject it for that reason in all seriousness if you stand by another evil.  Everything you do in attachment to sin is a sin for it is defiled by the sin.  The Church says that if you repent all your mortal sins in confession but one the confession is no good for you are attached to evil and pretending to be sorry.   But the same could be said of venial sinners.  For the Church to say that the good of mortal sinners is really evil and not to say the same of venial sinners is unjust discrimination.

 

A God who delays pardoning venial sins is especially mean.  To say confession is the best thing a venial sinner can go to when he could get sins pardoned by doing a good work is a terrible thing. It is saying the offence is more important than the person who was helped. 

 

As a religion that believes in different levels of the gravity of sin, Catholicism should teach that it is a far bigger offence to God to refuse to forgive a small sin than a big one.  You deserve forgiveness better for a small sin.  But it does not.  So-called venial sinners are welcomed to communion which forgives any sins they are sorry for.  “Just as our bodily food insensibly repairs what we lose by daily wear and tear, so likewise is this Divine food a remedy for the spiritual infirmities of each day.  But, it must be remembered, it is a remedy for those venial sins only for which we no longer retain an affection” (page 296, The Student’s Catholic Doctrine).  So, God withholds pardon from venial sins in a person who is fit or communion and forgiveness until they receive it.  He is more worried about the time they get to the altar than about their dispositions.

  

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CONCLUSION

 

 

Jesus did not give priests the power to forgive sins in confession.  Nobody should encourage anybody to go to confession or to believe in the sacrament.

 

www.tracts.ukgo.com/loraine_boettner.htm

 

 

BOOKS CONSULTED   

 

 

A PATH FROM ROME, Anthony Kenny Sidgwick & Jackson, London, 1985

BLESS ME FATHER FOR I HAVE SINNED, Quentin Donoghue, Linda Shapiro, McClelland and Stewart, Toronto, 1984

CATECHISM OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH, Veritas, Dublin, 1995 

CONFESSION OF A ROMAN CATHOLIC, Paul Whitcomb, Tan, Illinois, 1985 

CONFESSION QUIZZES TO A STREET PREACHER, Frs Rumble and Carty, TAN, Illinois, 1976 

CONFESSION, WHY WE GO, James Tolhurst, Faith Pamphlets, Surrey, 1975 

DIFFICULTIES, Mgr Ronald Knox and Arnold Lunn, Eyre & Spottiswoode, London, 1958 

ENCHIRIDION SYMBOLORUM ET DEFINITIONUM, Heinrich Joseph Denzinger, Edited by A Schonmetzer, Barcelona, 1963 

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THEOLOGY, Edited by Karl Rahner, Burns and Oates, London, 1977

GOING TO CONFESSION TODAY, Patrick McCarthy CC, Irish Messenger Publications, Dublin 1981 

LIFE IN CHRIST, PART 3, Fergal McGrath S.J., MH Gill and Son Ltd, Dublin, 1960 

LIVING IN CHRIST, A Dreze SJ, Geoffrey Chapman, London-Melbourne 1969 

NEW CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA, The Catholic University of America and the McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., Washington, District of Columbia, 1967 

ORDINATION, Rev Willie Bridcut, Irish Church Missions, Dublin 

PEACE OF SOUL, Fulton Sheen, Universe, London, 1962 

PENANCE CONSIDERED Michael S Bostock, Wickliffe Press London, 1985 

PENANCE SACRAMENT OF RECONCILIATION, Kevin McNamara, Archbishop of Dublin, Veritas, Dublin, 1985 

ROMAN CATHOLICISM WHAT IS FINAL AUTHORITY?  Harold J Berry, Back to the Bible, Nebraska, 1974 

SALVATION, THE BIBLE AND ROMAN CATHOLICISM, William Webster, Banner of Truth, Edinburgh, 1990 

SECRETS OF ROMANISM, Joseph Zacchello, Loizeaux Brothers, New Jersey, 1984 

THE CATHOLIC CHURCH HAS THE ANSWER, Paul Whitcomb, TAN, Illinois, 1986  

THE CODE OF CANON LAW, Canon Law Society of Great Britain and Ireland, William Collins and William B Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1983  

THE QUESTION AND ANSWER CATHOLIC CATECHISM, John A Hardon SJ, Image Books, Doubleday and Company, New York, 1981 

THE SECRET OF CATHOLIC POWER, LH Lehmann, Protestant Truth Pamphlets, Agora Publishing Company, New York  

THE STUDENT’S CATHOLIC DOCTRINE, Rev Charles Hart BA, Burns & Oates, London, 1961 

TRADITIONAL DOCTRINES OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH, EXAMINED, Rev CCJ Butlin, Protestant Truth Society, London 

WHATEVER HAPPENED TO HEAVEN? Dave Hunt, Harvest House, Eugene, Oregon, 1988

 

 

BIBLE VERSIONS USED

The Amplified Bible

              

Sunday, 09 December 2007

 

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