CATHOLIC TRADITION VERSUS THE BIBLE

 

TRADITION – THE INTERPRETER?

THE BIBLE ON TRADITION

TRADITION ITSELF COMMANDS BIBLE ALONE

THE DEVELOPMENT OF DOCTRINE

KENNY ON THE DEVELOPMENT THEORY

 

FOREWORD

 

The Roman Catholic Church follows the Bible as the word of God.  But it is not from the Bible alone that the Church gets its doctrines.  The vast majority of Catholic teachings are not in the Bible.  The new teaching that God used evolution to make man and woman is not in the Bible.  The new doctrine that the Bible has errors is totally contrary to the Bible which claims that God wrote it as well as men.  The new doctrine that capital punishment is wrong except in very rare and unusual circumstances is totally contradictory to the Bible which is very liberal with it and claims divine authority for this liberalism.  The new doctrine that homosexuality is of unknown origin is contrary to the Bible which says in Romans 1 that the urge is granted to people as punishment for sin and the Old Testament makes no exceptions to the rule that homosexuals caught together in the act must be put to death.  The doctrine that God is a spirit in the Greek philosophy sense of being a substance with no parts or components is contrary to the Bible which only says that God cannot be seen and is like the wind or breath.  The doctrine that the pope is the successor of Peter, that Peter was the first pope, that Peter was the first bishop of Rome, that the pope is infallible and that the pope is the head of the Church is not to be found in the Bible.  The doctrine that the Church has the power to be infallible is not in the Bible.  At most, the Bible may merely say that there will always be true Christians on the earth.  The doctrine that baptism in water is for children, puts them into the Church and forgives their sins and their original sin is not in the Bible.  The doctrine that baptism is obligatory and saves the soul is not in the Bible.  The doctrine that priests turn bread and wine into the Body and Blood of Christ and perpetuate the sacrifice Jesus made on the cross at Calvary at Mass is not in the Bible.  The doctrine that Jesus was God and conceived without sperm is not in the Bible.  The doctrine that Mary was conceived without original sin and never sinned and had no children but Jesus and was taken to Heaven after she died body and soul is not in the Bible.  The doctrine that we must pray to the angels and saints is not in the Bible.  The books the Catholic Church added to the Bible such as Tobit do not match the standard left by the Bible for determining if a book is the word of God.  The Bible does not teach that there are seven sacraments or that a priest can get a piece of the sacrament of holy orders while the bishop gets the whole – bishops and presbyters or ministers are much the same in the Bible.  The Bible does not teach that priests can forgive sins and should hear the confessions of the people or that the people should confess in detail to the priest and not in general.  It does not teach that good works are necessary for salvation.  It doesn’t teach purgatory where you go if you die without your sins being totally wiped out. 

 

These are some of the doctrines that are not in the Bible.  In fact there are far more than that.  But where did the Church get them from?  It got them from tradition.  Tradition is the word of God as well as the Bible according to the Church.  Tradition can be reasoned out from existing doctrine or the Bible or it can simply be what the Church says it always did or believed.  The latter was the Church’s excuse for claiming that Mary went bodily up to Heaven to live forever there as Queen which is not to be found in the first or second century of the Church or in the Bible.    Obviously the Church can do without tradition written down which opens the way for it to teach what it wants and say it was something revealed by God.  It based many doctrines on written evidence of tradition in the past that turned out to be fraudulent such as the Donation of Constantine which gave power to the bishop of Rome and led to the formation of the papacy. If we can prove that Catholic tradition is unreliable or forbidden by the Bible or contradicts itself then clearly most of Catholicism’s doctrines are false or unworthy of belief.

 

The Christian gospel is intended for everybody though that doesn’t imply that all will be called by God into the Church and to be saved.   Christ commanded that the gospel be taught to all creation.  The apostle said that God is a God of clarity not confusion.  Now if this is so, to have another word of God that depends on oral tradition and a huge volume of writings from the first century down to the papal encyclicals of today is totally contradicting the gospel.  We must remember as well that theologians disagree sharply about what is genuine tradition and how to interpret it and that the Church is only loosely united – its made up of disagreeing schools of thought. 

 

Top of the Document

TRADITION – THE INTERPRETER?

 

The Roman Catholic Church believes that tradition and the Bible are both the word of God and tradition must be used to find out what the Bible is about.  The pope and the bishops have to interpret the Bible for you using this other source of revelation.  The injustice of this is plain in the fact that the earliest traditions of the Church all taught that the Old Testament Law was full of symbolism and was not literally true - a form of interpretation that the Church vehemently rejects.  For example, the commandment God gave Abraham to get physically circumcised was taken as saying get spiritually not physically circumcised.  It was really twisting the whole book.  The Epistle of Barnabas, which was considered part of the Bible by many early Christians, and the Epistle of Diognetus were the two most anti literal would-be scriptures.  Tradition to a Catholic just means whatever is in the early days of the Church that agrees with the pope and the Church.  They don’t have the integrity to admit this.

  

Vatican 2 declared that scripture and Tradition are the sources of divinely inspired doctrine and that both are to be revered with the same devotion and respect (On Revelation, Chapter 2:9). 

 

Some say the Church has not made up its mind if Tradition adds to scripture or not (Lion Concise Book of Christian Thought, page 217).  It is claimed that the Council of Trent taught that it has and so that Tradition adds to scripture but that is disputed.  But it is obvious that the Church does regard Tradition as addition to scripture though not as scripture.  The Church does not teach that the writings of the fathers of the Church and the pope are scripture but it does teach that their teachings are God’s word and infallible.  So tradition is not the written word of God in the way the Bible is. 

 

It is thought that the Traditions that Trent said were entitled to as much veneration as scripture seem to have been ones for practice like Sunday worship and the baptism of infants which were allegedly practiced since the apostles governed the Church (ibid 160).  If this thought is correct then the decree cannot apply to traditions that cannot be traced back to the apostles.  This would mean that the Church need not make the other traditions such as birth-control being a sin equal to the Bible and indeed should not. It would also mean that when the Catholic Church has gone on so long without the other traditions it should scrap them. 

 

But if Trent meant what the disputers say it meant then why didn’t it make it clear?  The way it talks about tradition implies that it meant all the tradition of the Church.  The fact remains that most Catholic doctrine that is regarded as infallible does not come from the Bible in any shape or fashion.  The decree says that the Church is infallibly right when it “receives and venerates with an equal feeling of piety and reverence all the books of the Old and New Testament and also the traditions relating as well to faith as to morals” (page 63, Roman Catholic Claims).  By implication this condemns birth-control as well and makes all the tradition that Trent had in mind infallible dogma.  You see that the decree is a lot clearer than the disputers would have you believe. They just want a loophole to get around the fact that all Catholic tradition is binding on Catholics.

   

How could a Church that does not even know if its doctrines like the Immaculate Conception – to pick one out of many – are Tradition or not be infallible when it says the Immaculate Conception is true?  A doctrine has to be Tradition or equal to Scripture if not better than it to be infallible.  And it can’t be better for the Church never said that though it treated it as better.

   

Roman doctrine says, “All our doctrines are true including those that are not taught in scripture for they have come down to us from the apostles in the form of tradition.  They have come from those who knew what the Bible was all about and what agreed with it.” 

   

Protestant critics of Catholicism are more anxious than they should be to show that Catholic doctrines originated long after apostolic times.  But it doesn’t really matter when they started.  Why?

   

A doctrine could easily have been made up by some old fraud a week after or even before the last of the apostles died and then attributed to an apostle so no matter how early a tradition is it is no good for there is no guarantee that it originated with an apostle and the Bible predicts great opposition to the truth even from inside the Church.  It shows that it is risky to depend on tradition and that God would not want you to.

   

The Roman Church cannot teach that tradition is a good enough authority on its own but only accept it in so far as it concurs with and sheds more light on Bible revelation.  This would mean that tradition would have to be implied by scripture before it could be accepted.  In that case, why have tradition when common-sense would do?  Rome can’t admit it would for its tradition is more than just things that are implicit in the Bible.

   

The Church admits that much tradition is nonsense and it takes the rest to be God’s word.  But when it is up to a man and other men to decide which of its traditions are genuine the Roman Catholic ends up in a pit of dishonesty.  It is not honest to argue that the pope and Church identify divine tradition and that this tradition shows that they are of divine institution - it is the lie of circular reasoning.  There is just no reason why anyone who holds that the pope and the Church are the authority should start to doubt this.

   

The Church censures all traditions that conflict with scripture (Radio Replies, First Volume, page 125) so ones that do not are okay.  But anyone can create doctrines that can be said to be complimentary to and not contrary to scripture.  For example, you can teach that the Virgin is the fourth person of the Godhead for the Bible mentions three but does not say there are only three.  If the Bible was meant to be interpreted by other material then we can make it mean what we like to a tremendous extent.  The Bible does not contain rules for every moral question, rightly or wrongly, it says that armed with its general guidance we can work out God’s will so it turns out that we don’t need them.

   

Tradition is superior to the Bible in the Catholic Church no matter what it would have you believe.  The Bible is interpreted by Tradition and since the interpreter is more important than the interpreted Tradition is superior.  If Tradition is man-made the result will be a “gospel” with perverted teachings that don’t fit the scriptures.

   

When you interpret a book in accordance with something else you are concealing its true meaning.  For example, if tradition said the Bible meant that Jesus was only symbolically God then that would destroy the Bible doctrine of his deity.  In Catholicism, tradition is above the Bible for it determines its meaning and the Vatican is above tradition for it picks the traditions its prefers and enforces acceptance of those on the multitudes.  Look how it dropped the universal and constant tradition that opposed ecumenism!  Rome now declares that dead unbaptised babies will not suffer the agony of Hell forever though the constant Catholic tradition says they do (Vicars of Christ, page 461). 

   

When Rome drops traditions and makes changes she is not only declaring that God is her inferior but she is also saying that the Catholic faith itself is putty in her hands!  You cannot have the Vatican and have a real Catholic faith.  Your Church is being untruthful to you when she says that divine tradition is that tradition that she has always taught.

   

Vatican II claimed that tradition was not superior to the Bible for it and scripture are to be accepted as being entitled to the same devotion (Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation, Chapter 2, Part 9) but that is a fib.

   

When religion is full of doctrines that cannot be understood Roman Catholicism is able to say what she likes to a great extent and call her contradictory doctrines coherent truths or paradoxes that we cannot understand.  She says that her understanding of truth always needs improvement so this is her excuse.  She is able to reconcile any absurd traditions with the Bible as long as she teaches the importance of mystery.

   

The authority of Tradition presupposes the Church having the power to be infallible not some of the time but all the time.  That is the only way Tradition can be safe so the pope and the infallible councils are superior to both.  The pope is now superior to the councils for he must summon them and decide who attends them.  It makes one wonder about the councils that were never convened by popes at all.

  

Top of the Document

 

THE BIBLE ON TRADITION

 

Unlike Protestantism, Roman Catholicism does not derive its doctrines from the Bible alone but from Tradition as well.  Tradition with a capital T is the word of God.

   

The Catholic argument that since the Bible sometimes speaks well of tradition and treats it as authoritive, tradition must be an additional authority to the Bible is untenable because the Bible never says tradition is the other authority.  Those traditions might have been divinely inspired and might have been incorporated into and enshrined in scripture alone as they were.  The Bible started off as inspired traditions which were written down.

   

And it may be true that there are inspired traditions outside the Bible but that does not mean that we have to rely on them or are meant to.  The Bible never tells us to listen to tradition outside its teaching.  It was different to take tradition as the word of God during the apostles’ day for they infallibly discerned the infallible ones but it is too risky to do so now.  The Bible is complete so there is no need to.  Protestants believe the Bible doesn’t answer all questions but say that it answers enough.

   

If a lot of important answers are left out of the Bible does that prove that tradition is needed and complements the Bible?  It does not when the Bible does not tell us who has the accurate tradition.

   

Jesus’ condemnation of tradition only forbids non-inspired tradition or man-made tradition (Matthew 15). It is thought then that  it is not proof at least by itself that the Bible alone must be heeded.  But the Bible warns that most people will tend towards apostasy and Jesus and the apostles warned about heretics implying that even if tradition was accepted as a parallel authority to the Bible it could not be depended on once the overseers, the apostles, were gone.  So the context of Jesus’ condemnation strongly suggests that only tradition that ends up as scripture should be followed.  And we must remember that Jesus only said it was man-made tradition because it didn’t fit the Old Testament and added to its teaching.  There is no point in condemning man-made tradition if no method is left for distinguishing between man’s teaching and God’s.  Jesus made it simple.

   

Catholics suppose that Isaiah 59:21 in which God says his word will be in the mouths of his people forever is a prediction about the Catholic Church which teaches by word of mouth and not only by a book.  Tradition is what is handed down by word of mouth and this verse is supposed to teach the Catholic doctrine.  But if the word were to be in a book alone Isaiah would still have written these words.

   

1 Peter 1:25 is supposed to prove that the Church will preach infallible tradition that is not in scripture forever.  It is reasoned that it says that the word of God endures forever and must be the preaching of the Church for the New Testament was far from finished.  But if the Church follows the Bible and this book is the only inspired authority used the Church can still preach the word of God that endures forever.  This verse gives no grounds for the notion of tradition as endorsed in the Catholic Church.  And if some of the New Testament had been written and since there was an Old Testament there is no need for imagining it means the Church teaching at all.

   

John 21:23 gives an example of a tradition that thrived in the early Church that was wrong.  The tradition promised that an apostle would live forever on earth and be the oracle of God to the Church and so late in the first century John had to attack it.  This was a very serious blunder – at least it proves that the early Church did not have a pope to correct error especially when Peter had died long before – and shows that tradition is dangerous and the Church is not safe from nonsensical traditions.

  

The apostle Paul declared that what would become the great apostasy had started (2 Thessalonians 2) so how could we trust tradition?  Tradition was the only excuse the apostates would have had for altering the faith.

   

The Bible predicts that most of the people calling themselves Christians would abandon the faith one day and speaks of the awesome power of Satan to delude (2 Thessalonians 2:3 – it speaks of a “great falling away” or apostasy).  It says that false teachings and fabricated apostolic traditions were already being concocted while the apostles were alive under the guidance of Satan (2 Thessalonians 2:1, 2).  Obviously, even if a tradition could be traced back to the lifetime of the apostles it does not mean that it is a revelation of God.  The Devil might have created the traditions Catholics speak of and the papacy.  In Matthew 12 Jesus said that when demons are cast out and can find no home for there is nobody left to possess they will go back to the man they have left and if he is open to their influence they will take worse demons than themselves with them to possess him and that will happen to Jesus’ evil generation.  This implies firstly that tradition is dangerous and the demons have the knowledge and power to pull off a seemingly foolproof deception and it implies that the New Testament could well be a demonic fabrication and that only books you are 100% sure of can be considered to be God’s word.  But no such books exist and Jesus really shot himself in the foot.

   

When the Bible warns of a great apostasy and makes it clear that the world – meaning the vast majority so it is practically the whole world so even most Christians will be traitors though they might continue to infest the Church.  Church traditions are most likely to be diabolical or fraudulent in origin and we have to avoid them.

 

Top of the Document

 

TRADITION ITSELF COMMANDS BIBLE ALONE

 

The very tradition that the Catholic Church makes superior to the Bible and a supplement to the Bible says that it should be ignored in favour of the Bible!  Rome no longer believes in Bible inerrancy in the full and complete sense though ancient tradition is against her in this and supports verbal and plenary inspiration.

   

The tradition that the fathers honoured and obeyed was tradition that restated what was in the scriptures and was in the scriptures.  (See page 15, Traditional Doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church Examined.)  St Cyprian is quoted as saying that tradition is just what is taught in the scriptures.  Cyril of Alexandria said that the scriptures are enough and more than enough and Tertullian condemned Hermogenes unless he could show that his teachings were in the Bible and pronounced a curse on those who add to and subtract from the Bible and St Basil interpreted the apostles as saying that nobody should believe anything unless it is written in the Bible (page 16). 

   

Justin Martyr was the first source of what Rome recognises as divinely inspired tradition to say that Christ forbade belief in what men say and counselled his followers to believe only in what he himself and the Jewish prophets taught (page 26, Evangelical Catholics; page 23, But the Bible Does Not Say So). 

   

St Irenaeus stated that the Church will find every doctrine it needs in the prophets and the gospels (page 26, Evangelical Catholics).  He wrote that when the heretics are refuted from the scriptures they attack the scriptures as being incorrect or uncanonical so in that case he appeals to tradition to confute them (page 27, Church and Infallibility).  But what Irenaeus meant by tradition was the practice of revering the scriptures as infallible.  He argued that since they were believed to be infallible by tradition since the time of the apostles they were real and uncorrupted.  A bible only believer would say much the same thing without regarding tradition as an additional authority. 

    

St Athanasius wrote that the scriptures are enough for learning the truth in (Conte Gentes. 1,1).

   

St John Chrysostom commanded that no man must be listened to in religion without being checked out by the Bible first (2 Corinthians 6, Homily 13).  The same instructed in his Homily on Romans that we must read no other but Jesus and need no other mind (page 27, Secrets of Romanism). 

  

St Jerome protested against creating things as if they were tradition from the apostles without scripture saying they are true (commentary on Haggai, Cap 1.2).  He informed Helvidius that anything that was not written in the Bible was to be rejected.  He said the Church does not admit anything that is not found in the scriptures (page 23, But the Bible Does Not Say So). 

   

St Basil (329-379) said that since Jesus said his sheep hear his voice and do not listen to strangers that it is wrong to make a doctrine that is not mentioned in the scriptures (De Fide, Garnier’s Edition, Vol II, page 313).  (See page 26, Evangelical Catholics). 

   

Augustine commanded that any doctrine that is not in the Bible must be refused (page 26, Evangelical Catholics).  In 400 AD he expressly stated that he bows only to the authority of the canonical books and that all that is needed for faith and living is in them (page 23, But the Bible Does Not Say So). 

 

Top of the Document

 

THE DEVELOPMENT OF DOCTRINE

 

In Cardinal John Henry Newman’s Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine he acknowledged that the Church of Rome different from the Early Church but held that Protestantism was not identical to the Early Church. 

 

According to him the Early Church was the same religion as Roman Catholicism and that the Church learned more about the gospel through time and eventually it came to teach modern Roman Catholic doctrine.  The primitive Catholic Church evolved into modern Roman Catholicism but both are the same Church. 

 

Newman gave seven tests to show when a genuine development has taken place for it can happen that some developments are not developments at all but errors. 

 

There must be a basic doctrine that implies other ones so that they can be developed from it and that another.

 

  1. This basic doctrine must come from the apostles to be a real development.  This is impossible for we have very little indication of what the apostles taught.  We have plenty of hearsay but that is all.

 

  1. The development must fit the other revealed doctrines.  Who can prove that everlasting torment in Hell fits a God who loves sinners?

 

  1. The development must be logically derived from the basic root doctrine. 

 

  1. The development be the only possible one for trouble would ensue if a doctrine implied two or three different things.  The idea that Jesus needed a sinless mother doesn’t prove the Catholic doctrine that she had to be conceived without sin.  Why couldn’t she have been cleansed of sin later in life?

 

  1. The development must have taken the simplest road to be genuine.  For example, the simplest implication of a doctrine should be the accepted one.  This is ignored in practice.  Is it simple to say that when Jesus said bread was his body that he meant it literally not symbolically?

 

  1. The developing be done by or validated by the legitimate authorities in the Church.  This proves that Newman doesn’t believe in the other six reasons at all.  If a doctrine implies something logically it implies it whether the Church recognises it at all.  Here we have Newman virtually admitting that the only thing that makes a doctrine a development is the arbitrary decision of the Church.

 

  1. The doctrine must have meant to have been developed as well.  The Church argues that since God kept Mary from sin that he would not have let her body decay but would have taken her to Heaven.  Hence in 1950 Pius XII proclaimed that Mary was taken bodily to Heaven.  They think that the doctrine of the sinless conception implies the assumption.  This is nonsense.  Perhaps God doesn’t want to reveal the fate of Mary’s body or doesn’t feel he needs to.  And besides God could preserve the body without raising Mary to life if she died. 

   

Despite the opposition when they first came out, Newman’s ideas were locked into the Church’s official stance at the Second Vatican Council (page 210, The Lion Concise Book of Christian Thought).

   

It is a fact that few if any of the Catholic developments are in harmony with these rules.  For example, if you say that the doctrine of original sin implies baptism is necessary for infants to get rid of it then the problem is proving that original sin meant to imply that.  Perhaps God wipes the sin after it appears without baptism or perhaps it will not be pardoned until the child is able to renounce sin or perhaps if the child dies God will send it to Limbo from where it can go to Heaven if it chooses.  For a doctrine to be really open to development it would have to explicitly say that it is just a root.  The example we have given fits absolutely none of the rules and yet it was a “developed” doctrine that is one of the foundation stones of Roman Catholicism.  It proves that Roman Catholicism is wrong. 

 

The Church says it has to understand doctrines better all the time meaning that the way a doctrine was stated before could be inaccurate so it has to be improved.  When Hell used to be thought of as a fire with demons with horns in it under the earth that could have led to the development of misleading doctrines, say that Hell will one day break out on earth and that demons have bodies and that the sinners there deserve to burn as if their despair is not enough.  The rules are useless except for exposing the sham of Roman Catholicism. 

   

The Development of Doctrine is a meaningless hypothesis for it opens the way to invent new doctrines.  For example, the early Church insisted that sin committed after baptism had to be paid for in penance.  Newman argued that the Church when dealing with this idea came to discover that it implied that indulgences, merits, purgatory, prayers, and masses for the dead should be believed in.  But it could be argued that death is the punishment that deals with the debt.  The Bible says that is what death is for (Romans 6:23).  And it could be that God will be strict and instead of sending you to purgatory he will miraculously and secretly amplify your last agony at the point of death to pay off the debt in full.  And it could be that we can’t help the souls in Purgatory for they help themselves or that the saints have already taken care of it.  And when religion is full of mystery – it cannot explain evil what sense does it make to say that the debt of penance infers these things for what it infers may be beyond our grasp of logic and inconceivable to our human earthly logic? 

 

Newman was lying. 

 

Newman knew that if the early Church taught salvation though the blood of Jesus and that anybody who is a sincere Christian and accepts Jesus as Lord and Saviour is in his Church which is an invisible communion that that was enough to identify it with Protestantism for that is Protestantism reduced to its bare essentials.  Though they deny it, even Catholics have an invisible true Church like that the Protestants believe in so it is nonsense to point to an organisation and call it the true Church for it could be run by secret apostates.  Yet Newman needs an infallible visible true Church organisation to make his system of development work.

 

He needs to prove that the system directs one to faith in the Catholic Church.  It doesn’t.  It makes the Romish faith totally unconvincing.

 

Jesus said that the Church would never be destroyed.  Catholics believe he meant that the true Church on earth would never pass away.  The Vatican could apostatise meaning that those who are true to the Church as it used to be would be the true Church though they no longer have an infallible head.  The Church says that infallibility belongs to the Church as a whole though it is only exercised through Episcopal councils of the Church so a break-off of laypeople could then function as infallible if they are the true faith.  So pointing to an organisation like Newman did as the holder of the true developments does not work for he is begging the question: he assumes the Catholic hierarchy are the guardians of the faith which need not be right.  The Catholic Church has been frequently accused of apostasy by its own.  Even by Newman’s standards, the Church must have left the faith and the true Church in the middle of the nineteenth century when it made the Immaculate Conception a dogma for it is neither in early tradition or implied by it. 

 

The Development of Dogma idea suggests that a new dogma can occur to a school in the Church and if the Church won’t exalt that dogma to dogma-hood then the school can leave the Church and do it itself and become the true Church.  Church means a teaching body and community.  The idea of a true Church is impossible to accept for a part of the Church will have greater closeness to the truth than will the official heads for there are many things not definitively settled.  The section will be a truer Church or body of teaching than the mainstream Church. 

   

The Lion Concise Book of Christian Thought gives a good refutation of Newman’s views.  I repeat them here with my own observations.

   

The first problem is that Newman never justified the developments adequately and ignored the fact that the early Church could have been mistaken say in the matter of penance following forgiveness doctrine which denied that God is generous with his forgiveness.  It could be said the doctrine was heretical though the Church accepted it and should have known better for it was not an offshoot or anything of its doctrine that God was love and mercy and generosity themselves but contrary to it.

   

Second, Newman does not think about the Eastern Orthodox claim to be the true infallible Catholic Church even though its system is older than the Catholic one.  Catholics will say that perhaps it did not develop enough so the oldness proves nothing.  But it is itself-sufficient and that is the refutation of the Catholic reply.  If the Church has a sufficient system for getting revelation from God and being a Church of God why should it need to develop into a papal system? 

   

To make the Church the one that has the divine guidance to say what scripture means could and will lead to the Church stopping the Bible from being able to speak for itself.  The Church becomes the real authority and the Bible is its subject.  It is just like the New Testament doctrine that the Old Testament must be read the Christian way.  Without the New Testament our interpretation and understanding of the Old will be radically different.  If the Catholic Church officially decides that John 6 is all about the transformation of bread and wine into the body and blood of Jesus and uses its infallibility to see that then we are not allowed to wonder if the doctrine is really taught by the scripture at all.  Newman even said that just as the Old Testament has no authority except as interpreted by the New Testament which is the supreme authority giving the Old only a relative authority so the New Testament has only a relative authority because the Church and the pope have the power to decree what it means by the power of the Holy Spirit in them.  This is blasphemous.  It is a mistake for a Catholic to go to the Bible to prove the papacy when the book is no good without the pope for that is seeing the Bible not as it is or might be but as the pope says it should be seen. 

   

Apparently, the only trace of a development of doctrine in the early Church was its recognition of the view that that ordinations administered by heretics were valid (page 57, Roman Catholic Claims).

   

The Catholic Church was not revealed lock, stock and barrel by Jesus and the apostles which everybody admits therefore all its new doctrines are not developments but corruptions and should be discarded

 

Top of the Document

 

KENNY ON THE DEVELOPMENT THEORY

 

In Anthony Kenny’s Religion and Reason we read a good rational assessment of the Catholic Church’s new doctrine that she developed over the centuries after Jesus died.  This is a summary.

   

He noted that from the start the Church taught that instead of developing and improving the faith of the Church is unchangeable and complete.

   

He quoted Paul who condemned anybody who taught anything different from what he taught as implying that people who added to the gospel were doing wrong and changing the gospel even if they never contradicted it (Galatians 1:8).

   

Some centuries later, Pope Simplicius said that the apostolic doctrine has not changed from the time of the apostles to his time.  The syllabus of Pius IX in 1864 censured the view that doctrines can develop.  Kenny said that this position was completely contradicted by history.  To me that shows what an untrustworthy and shifty religion Roman Catholicism is. 

   

He observed that the Church defining doctrines as belonging to the faith of the apostles does not constitute development of doctrine because the idea was that the Church had always held these doctrines and used her infallibility to show that they were binding when they were being challenged.  The Church has never defined infallibly that Jesus was a male but if a heresy comes along claiming that Jesus was a woman it will do it then.  To me this suggests that the Church is to be believed by Catholics to be always right even when it does not employ its alleged infallibility. 

   

Kenny finds that it is impossible to find any doctrine that was believed until a heresy came along to attack it thus requiring an infallible statement that the doctrine was true.  Yet the Church says that it needs infallibility just to safeguard God’s truth when it is questioned to prove that it really is revealed by God.  It says it usually uses it then.

 

Kenny wrote that many theologians agree with St Vincent of Lerins that that truth is whatever the whole Church has believed before heresy appeared.  This would mean that the only truth we can find is in the Apostles’ Creed.  The Church cannot admit that.  We have to ask: how are we to know what Christians believe? Do a census?  Vincent’s theory implies that Church infallible declarations are invalid unless there has been worldwide census taken first. 

 

Kenny criticises Vincent’s view because the Church officially accepted many doctrines that were not unanimously accepted before and today’s orthodoxy is tomorrow’s unorthodoxy.  I would add that since the Church and Christ said that only a tiny number would be true brethren that it makes no sense to talk about the unanimous faith of true Christians being right for nobody knows who they are.

   

Kenny observed that there has been no unanimous agreement on the Trinity, three persons in one God, until after the Ecumenical Councils which made the doctrine binding and official.  Even Newman admitted this for he observed that even when the early writers called Christ God or said that the three persons were equal nobody knew if the writers believed that the believers in the divine Christ believed that the Father Son and Spirit were really one person and not three or if the person who declared them to be there persons but equal believed they were three Gods who were somehow entitled to be called one God in some way like a man and woman can be called one flesh.  Newman confessed that St Hippolytus probably did not believe that Jesus was always God the Son.  St Methodius erred on the incarnation.

   

Pope John XXII denied that the saved go to Heaven immediately after death which was the majority belief in the Church some time before.  St Bernard of Clairvaux had taught the same thing.  The Church rejected this doctrine under Pope Benedict XII. 

   

The Church strongly taught that usury was forbidden, for centuries.  It was sanctioned against far more strongly than birth-control is in our day.  Even as late as 1745 it was still teaching it.  Nowadays that doctrine is gone.

  

Kenny observes that the doctrine of the Assumption of Mary was not known before the fourth century and since 1950 Catholics are bound to believe it.  This doctrine is one of the worst threats to the idea of an unchangeable faith.

   

Kenny admits that the idea that the apostolic doctrine might imply new doctrines that the apostles never thought of but he sees that Rome has used this as an excuse to make doctrines that were never really implied at all.  They cannot be deduced from what has gone before.  Catholics might say that you can deduce from the fact that Mary gave birth to the Son of God that God would raise her body and soul to Heaven to give her special treatment.  But what about those people who did as much good for God and did not give birth to him?  The deduction idea implies that God ignored the fact that he has to let bad things, like letting Mary rot, happen for his greater purpose to do that for her though it may thwart it.  Thus it is blasphemous.  This is my observation.

   

Kenny then cites the teaching of theologians who say that the deduction process works not through logic as we know it but through God’s logic which is different to ours and which makes little sense to us for we are not as intelligent as him.  He calls this dangerous.  It opens the way for the Church to change whatever it likes as long as it pretends it has not changed truth but that God sees how its contradictory doctrines can be reconciled even if we can’t or the Church is left able to command whatever evil thing it likes. 

   

Catholics say that if there is no record of a doctrine being ancient it does not matter for it was in oral tradition that was passed down from one generation to the next.  Kenny writes that for the fathers and all the great Scholastics the truths necessary for salvation are all in the Bible.  Tradition was declared by them not to be a new source of revelation but only a help in interpreting the Bible.  The first person to come up with the oral tradition idea was William of Ockham who died in 1349.  How could the idea be true when it took that long to appear?  Kenny mentions Cardinal Pole attacking with the approval of the Catholic Church the doctrine of Henry VIII which claimed that both scripture and tradition were parallel sources of revelation.  Kenny write that third century and later Christians never appealed to oral traditions and made a little use of liturgical traditions for liturgy was a fixed thing and apparently all believed that the Bible alone had the information about the doctrine the Church of Christ should follow.  Origen could not depend on tradition to learn the identity of the true author of the book of Hebrews so he examined its writing style and contents.  No good God would use a medium for the transmission of revelation that could not be proven.  Anybody could invent a doctrine and say it was known in the early days and was not written down.

   

Kenny says that the pope can only make infallible doctrines relating to matters which are necessary for salvation.  He says there is no way of knowing if a pope only thought he was using his infallibility but was mistaken for the doctrine he was defining was not necessary for salvation.  I say then that the popes and Church have no right to say that doctrines like the assumption of Mary into Heaven or whatever are necessary for salvation for if any are, the most basic ones like the deity of Christ, the atonement he offered for us, the resurrection of Christ, Heaven and Hell are the only doctrines necessary.  To say that God cares about whether or not we believe that Mary was taken up into Heaven bodily is foolish and blasphemous for it makes him really petty. 

 

To say the pope is right that he can only make new dogmas that are necessary for salvation is to say that the pope must infallibly know what is necessary for salvation first.  The pope can make a dogma anytime.  Thus he needs to know what doctrines are needed for salvation all the time just in case.  This knowledge would be a gift to him from God.  So the pope is automatically infallible all the time for if he knows a doctrine is necessary for salvation he knows the doctrine is true.  He knows how a doctrine is needed for salvation and why.  He knows what the doctrine is.

 

And then he must infallibly know that he really knows this and is not mistaken.  So before the pope can tell us infallibly that Mary was taken bodily up into Heaven he has to infallibly know himself and also know how the dogma is necessary.  This requires a vast amount of infallibility as to his own psychological processes and the intricacies of theology.  He would need to be very infallible indeed.  The Church of Rome would never dare teach such a foolish doctrine but it does teach it by implication.

   

It is also worth remembering that the Church has always insisted that there were doctrines necessary for salvation.  Nowadays it is said that you will lose your salvation if you know that a doctrine is true and refuse to believe it.  But that could not possibly have been what the Church meant.  The Athanasian Creed for example condemned anybody who denied any of the several articles of faith in it to hell and excommunication.  If it had just meant that it would have said so.  It meant that sincere or not you would not get into Heaven if you denied anything it said.  The Church officially taught for most of its existence that error excluded from Heaven and it was the belief that sincerity was not good enough that led to the persecution of heretics.

   

The Church often said that certain doctrines were necessary for salvation.  This could only mean that sincere disbelief after initial religious belief would cost one one’s salvation for otherwise it would just say that any doctrines true or false that you believe to be true and then reject will exclude from salvation.  The Church never went that far for it encouraged pagans and atheists to abandon their doctrines.  So doctrines necessary for salvation means exactly what it says, that sincerity is not enough and is in fact often dangerous.

 

Conclusion

 

The Church has no authority from its God to believe the doctrines it has that are not in the Bible.  The doctrines come from purely human authority and to believe them is to believe men not God.

 

Top of the Document

 

WORKS CONSULTED

   

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS CATHOLICS ARE ASKING, Tony Coffey, Harvest House Publishers, Oregon ,2006 

Catholicism and Christianity, Cecil John Cadoux, George Allen & Unwin Ltd, 1928 

Catholicism and Fundamentalism, Karl Keating, Ignatius Press, San Francisco, 1988 

Encyclopaedia of Bible Difficulties, Gleason W Archer, Zondervan, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1982

Evangelical Catholics, A New Phenomenon, Stanley Mawhinney, Christian Ministries Incorporated, Dundrum, Dublin, 1992 

How to Interpret the Bible, Fr Francis Cleary, SJ, Ligouri, Missouri, 1981 

Lectures and Replies, Thomas Carr, Archbishop of Melbourne, Australian Catholic Truth Society, Melbourne, 1907 

Lions Concise Book of Christian Thought, Tony Lane, Lyon, Herts, 1984

Reason and Belief, Bland Blanschard, London, George Allen and Unwin Ltd, 1974 

Roman Catholic Claims, Charles Gore, Longmans, London, 1894 

Secrets of Romanism, Joseph Zachello, Loizeaux Brothers, New Jersey, 1984

The Bible Does Not Say So, Rev Roberto Nisbet, Church Book Room Press, London, 1966

The Church and Infallibility, BC Butler, The Catholic Book Club, London, undated 

Traditional Doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church Examined, Rev CCJ Butlin, Protestant Truth Society, London 

Vicars of Christ, Peter de Rosa, Corgi, London, 1993

Whatever Happened to Heaven? Dave Hunt, Harvest House, Eugene, Oregon, 1988

 

Top of the Document